![\"\"](\"https://i2.wp.com/wordpress.org/news/files/2019/07/60340743_2330687777177099_8058690662683377664_o.jpg?fit=632%2C474&ssl=1\")
This month has been characterized by exciting plans and big announcements – read on to find out what they are and what it all means for the future of the WordPress project.
\n\n\n\nThe inaugural WordCamp Asia will be in Bangkok, Thailand, on February 21-23, 2020. This will be the first regional WordCamp in Asia and it comes after many years of discussions and planning. You can find more information about the event on their website and subscribe to stay up to date with the latest information.
\n\n\n\nThis is the latest flagship event in the WordCamp program, following WordCamps Europe and US. Tickets are now on sale and the call for speakers is open. Want to get involved in WordCamp Asia? Keep an eye out for volunteer applications, or buy a micro sponsor ticket. You can also join the #wcasia channel in the Making WordPress Slack group for updates.
\n\n\n\nThe WordCamp US organizing team is excited to announce some new additions to this year’s WCUS in St. Louis, Missouri, on November 1-3, 2019. The first is that there will be an onsite KidsCamp: child-friendly lessons that introduce your young one(s) to the wonderful world of WordPress. You can register your child for KidsCamp here. In addition, free, onsite childcare will be provided at this year’s event – you can sign up here.
\n\n\n\nLooking for further ways to get involved? The call for volunteers is now open. For more information on WordCamp US, please visit the event website.
\n\n\n\nTo improve the annual WordPress User & Developer Survey, a call has been made for updates and additional questions that can help us all better understand how people use WordPress.
\n\n\n\nTo improve the survey, contributor teams are suggesting topics and information that should be gathered to inform contributor work in 2020. Please add your feedback to the post.
\n\n\n\nUsability tests for Gutenberg continued through June 2019, and insights from three recent videos were published last month. This month’s test was similar to WordCamp Europe’s usability tests, and you can read more about those in the part one and part two posts. Please help by watching these videos and sharing your observations as comments on the relevant post.
\n\n\n\nIf you want to help with usability testing, you can also join the #research channel in the Making WordPress Slack group, or you can write a test script that can be usability tested for Gutenberg.
\n\n\n\nHave a story that we should include in the next “Month in WordPress” post? Please submit it here.
\n\";s:7:\"attribs\";a:0:{}s:8:\"xml_base\";s:0:\"\";s:17:\"xml_base_explicit\";b:0;s:8:\"xml_lang\";s:0:\"\";}}}s:30:\"com-wordpress:feed-additions:1\";a:1:{s:7:\"post-id\";a:1:{i:0;a:5:{s:4:\"data\";s:4:\"7040\";s:7:\"attribs\";a:0:{}s:8:\"xml_base\";s:0:\"\";s:17:\"xml_base_explicit\";b:0;s:8:\"xml_lang\";s:0:\"\";}}}}}i:1;a:6:{s:4:\"data\";s:51:\"\n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \";s:7:\"attribs\";a:0:{}s:8:\"xml_base\";s:0:\"\";s:17:\"xml_base_explicit\";b:0;s:8:\"xml_lang\";s:0:\"\";s:5:\"child\";a:4:{s:0:\"\";a:6:{s:5:\"title\";a:1:{i:0;a:5:{s:4:\"data\";s:32:\"People of WordPress: Ugyen Dorji\";s:7:\"attribs\";a:0:{}s:8:\"xml_base\";s:0:\"\";s:17:\"xml_base_explicit\";b:0;s:8:\"xml_lang\";s:0:\"\";}}s:4:\"link\";a:1:{i:0;a:5:{s:4:\"data\";s:67:\"https://wordpress.org/news/2019/07/people-of-wordpress-ugyen-dorji/\";s:7:\"attribs\";a:0:{}s:8:\"xml_base\";s:0:\"\";s:17:\"xml_base_explicit\";b:0;s:8:\"xml_lang\";s:0:\"\";}}s:7:\"pubDate\";a:1:{i:0;a:5:{s:4:\"data\";s:31:\"Fri, 12 Jul 2019 17:20:27 +0000\";s:7:\"attribs\";a:0:{}s:8:\"xml_base\";s:0:\"\";s:17:\"xml_base_explicit\";b:0;s:8:\"xml_lang\";s:0:\"\";}}s:8:\"category\";a:2:{i:0;a:5:{s:4:\"data\";s:9:\"heropress\";s:7:\"attribs\";a:0:{}s:8:\"xml_base\";s:0:\"\";s:17:\"xml_base_explicit\";b:0;s:8:\"xml_lang\";s:0:\"\";}i:1;a:5:{s:4:\"data\";s:10:\"Interviews\";s:7:\"attribs\";a:0:{}s:8:\"xml_base\";s:0:\"\";s:17:\"xml_base_explicit\";b:0;s:8:\"xml_lang\";s:0:\"\";}}s:4:\"guid\";a:1:{i:0;a:5:{s:4:\"data\";s:34:\"https://wordpress.org/news/?p=7013\";s:7:\"attribs\";a:1:{s:0:\"\";a:1:{s:11:\"isPermaLink\";s:5:\"false\";}}s:8:\"xml_base\";s:0:\"\";s:17:\"xml_base_explicit\";b:0;s:8:\"xml_lang\";s:0:\"\";}}s:11:\"description\";a:1:{i:0;a:5:{s:4:\"data\";s:386:\"You’ve probably heard that WordPress is open source software, and may know that it’s created and run by volunteers. WordPress enthusiasts share many examples of how WordPress changed people’s lives for the better. This monthly series shares some of those lesser-known, amazing stories. Meet Ugyen Dorji from Bhutan Ugyen lives in Bhutan, a landlocked country […]\";s:7:\"attribs\";a:0:{}s:8:\"xml_base\";s:0:\"\";s:17:\"xml_base_explicit\";b:0;s:8:\"xml_lang\";s:0:\"\";}}}s:32:\"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/\";a:1:{s:7:\"creator\";a:1:{i:0;a:5:{s:4:\"data\";s:11:\"Aditya Kane\";s:7:\"attribs\";a:0:{}s:8:\"xml_base\";s:0:\"\";s:17:\"xml_base_explicit\";b:0;s:8:\"xml_lang\";s:0:\"\";}}}s:40:\"http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/\";a:1:{s:7:\"encoded\";a:1:{i:0;a:5:{s:4:\"data\";s:7264:\"\nYou’ve probably heard that WordPress is open source software, and may know that it’s created and run by volunteers. WordPress enthusiasts share many examples of how WordPress changed people’s lives for the better. This monthly series shares some of those lesser-known, amazing stories.
\n\n\n\nUgyen lives in Bhutan, a landlocked country situated between two giant neighbors, India to the south and China to the north. He works for ServMask Inc and is responsible for the Quality Assurance process for All-in-One WP Migration plugin.
He believes in the Buddhist teaching that “the most valuable service is one rendered to our fellow humans,” and his contributions demonstrates this through his WordPress translation work and multi-lingual support projects for WordPress.
Back in 2016, Ugyen was looking for a new job after his former cloud company ran into financial difficulties.
\n\n\n\nDuring one interview he was asked many questions about WordPress and, although he had a basic understanding of WordPress, he struggled to give detailed answers. After that interview he resolved to develop his skills and learn as much about WordPress as he could.
\n\n\n\nA few months passed and he received a call from ServMask Inc, who had developed a plugin called All-in-One WP Migration. They offered him a position, fulfilling his wish to work with WordPress full-time. And because of that, Ugyen is now an active contributor to the WordPress community.
\n\n\n\nWordCamp Bangkok 2018 was a turning point event for Ugyen. WordCamps are a great opportunity to meet WordPress community members you don’t otherwise get to know, and he was able to attend his first WordCamp through the sponsorship of his company.
\n\n\n\nThe first day of WordCamp Bangkok was a Contributor Day, where people volunteer to work together to contribute to the development of WordPress. Ugyen joined the Community team to have conversations with WordPress users from all over the world. He was able to share his ideas for supporting new speakers, events and organizers to help build the WordPress community in places where it is not yet booming.
\n\n\n\nDuring the main day of the event, Ugyen managed a photo booth for speakers, organizers, and attendees to capture their memories of WordCamp. He also got to take some time out to attend several presentations during the conference. What particularly stuck in Ugyen’s mind was learning that having a website content plan has been shown to lead to 100% growth in business development.
\n\n\n\nAfter attending WordCamp Bangkok 2018 as well as a local Meetup event, Ugyen decided to introduce WordPress to his home country and cities.
\n\n\n\nAs one of the WordPress Translation Day organizers, he realized that his local language, Dzongkha, was not as fully translated as other languages in the WordPress Core Translation. That is when Ugyen knew that he wanted to help build his local community. He organized Thimphu’s first WordPress Meetup to coincide with WordPress Translation Day 4, and it was a huge success!
\n\n\n\nLike all WordPress Meetups, the Thimpu WordPress Meetup is an easygoing, volunteer-organized, non-profit meetup which covers everything related to WordPress. But it also keeps in mind the Bhutanese Gross National Happiness four pillars by aiming to preserve and promote their unique culture and national language.
\n\n\n\nUgyen has taken an active role in preserving his national language by encouraging his community to use WordPress, including Dzongkha bloggers, online Dzongkha news outlets, and government websites.
\n\n\n\nAnd while Ugyen has only been actively involved in the community for a short period, he has contributed much to the WordPress community, including:
\n\n\n\nWhen it comes to WordPress, Ugyen particularly focuses on encouraging local and international language WordPress bloggers; helping startups succeed with WordPress; and sharing what he has learned from WordPress with his Bhutanese WordPress community.
\n\n\n\nAs a contributor, Ugyen hopes to accomplish even more for the Bhutan and Asian WordPress Communities. His dreams for his local community are big, including teaching more people about open source, hosting a local WordCamp, and helping to organize WordCamp Asia in 2020 — all while raising awareness of his community.
\n\n\n\n![\"\"](\"https://i0.wp.com/wordpress.org/news/files/2019/07/heropress_large_white_logo-1.jpg?fit=632%2C474&ssl=1\"){kind=logo}
This post is based on an article originally published on HeroPress.com, a community initiative created by Topher DeRosia. HeroPress highlights people in the WordPress community who have overcome barriers and whose stories would otherwise go unheard.
\n\n\n\nMeet more WordPress community members over at HeroPress.com!
\n\";s:7:\"attribs\";a:0:{}s:8:\"xml_base\";s:0:\"\";s:17:\"xml_base_explicit\";b:0;s:8:\"xml_lang\";s:0:\"\";}}}s:30:\"com-wordpress:feed-additions:1\";a:1:{s:7:\"post-id\";a:1:{i:0;a:5:{s:4:\"data\";s:4:\"7013\";s:7:\"attribs\";a:0:{}s:8:\"xml_base\";s:0:\"\";s:17:\"xml_base_explicit\";b:0;s:8:\"xml_lang\";s:0:\"\";}}}}}i:2;a:6:{s:4:\"data\";s:48:\"\n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \";s:7:\"attribs\";a:0:{}s:8:\"xml_base\";s:0:\"\";s:17:\"xml_base_explicit\";b:0;s:8:\"xml_lang\";s:0:\"\";s:5:\"child\";a:4:{s:0:\"\";a:6:{s:5:\"title\";a:1:{i:0;a:5:{s:4:\"data\";s:33:\"The Month in WordPress: June 2019\";s:7:\"attribs\";a:0:{}s:8:\"xml_base\";s:0:\"\";s:17:\"xml_base_explicit\";b:0;s:8:\"xml_lang\";s:0:\"\";}}s:4:\"link\";a:1:{i:0;a:5:{s:4:\"data\";s:68:\"https://wordpress.org/news/2019/07/the-month-in-wordpress-june-2019/\";s:7:\"attribs\";a:0:{}s:8:\"xml_base\";s:0:\"\";s:17:\"xml_base_explicit\";b:0;s:8:\"xml_lang\";s:0:\"\";}}s:7:\"pubDate\";a:1:{i:0;a:5:{s:4:\"data\";s:31:\"Mon, 01 Jul 2019 10:07:42 +0000\";s:7:\"attribs\";a:0:{}s:8:\"xml_base\";s:0:\"\";s:17:\"xml_base_explicit\";b:0;s:8:\"xml_lang\";s:0:\"\";}}s:8:\"category\";a:1:{i:0;a:5:{s:4:\"data\";s:18:\"Month in WordPress\";s:7:\"attribs\";a:0:{}s:8:\"xml_base\";s:0:\"\";s:17:\"xml_base_explicit\";b:0;s:8:\"xml_lang\";s:0:\"\";}}s:4:\"guid\";a:1:{i:0;a:5:{s:4:\"data\";s:34:\"https://wordpress.org/news/?p=7009\";s:7:\"attribs\";a:1:{s:0:\"\";a:1:{s:11:\"isPermaLink\";s:5:\"false\";}}s:8:\"xml_base\";s:0:\"\";s:17:\"xml_base_explicit\";b:0;s:8:\"xml_lang\";s:0:\"\";}}s:11:\"description\";a:1:{i:0;a:5:{s:4:\"data\";s:337:\"June has certainly been a busy month in the WordPress community — aside from holding the largest WordPress event ever, the project has hit a number of significant milestones and published some big announcements this past month. A Wrap for WordCamp Europe 2019 WordCamp Europe 2019 took place on June 20-22. It was the largest […]\";s:7:\"attribs\";a:0:{}s:8:\"xml_base\";s:0:\"\";s:17:\"xml_base_explicit\";b:0;s:8:\"xml_lang\";s:0:\"\";}}}s:32:\"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/\";a:1:{s:7:\"creator\";a:1:{i:0;a:5:{s:4:\"data\";s:15:\"Hugh Lashbrooke\";s:7:\"attribs\";a:0:{}s:8:\"xml_base\";s:0:\"\";s:17:\"xml_base_explicit\";b:0;s:8:\"xml_lang\";s:0:\"\";}}}s:40:\"http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/\";a:1:{s:7:\"encoded\";a:1:{i:0;a:5:{s:4:\"data\";s:8174:\"\nJune has certainly been a busy month in the WordPress community — aside from holding the largest WordPress event ever, the project has hit a number of significant milestones and published some big announcements this past month.
\n\n\n\nWordCamp Europe 2019 took place on June 20-22. It was the largest WordPress event ever, with 3,260 tickets sold and 2,734 attendees. The attendees came from 97 different countries and 1,722 of them had never attended WordCamp Europe before.
\n\n\n\nThe event featured 60 speakers who delivered talks and workshops on a variety of topics over two conference days, most notably Matt Mullenweg’s keynote that included an update on the current status of WordPress Core development, along with a lively Q&A session. The full session from the live stream is available to watch online.
\n\n\n\nFor its eighth year, WordCamp Europe will take place in Porto, Portugal. The 2020 edition of the event will be held on June 4-6. If you would like to get involved with WordCamp Europe next year, fill out the organizer application form.
\n\n\n\nA proposal this month suggested bringing XML sitemap generation into WordPress Core. This is a feature that has traditionally been handled by plugins, which has resulted in many different implementations across different sites. It also means that many sites do not have XML sitemaps, which can be a problem because they are hugely important to having your site correctly indexed by search engines.
\n\n\n\nThe proposal details how core sitemaps would be structured and how the team would build them, as well as what aspects of WordPress would not be considered appropriate information to be included.
\n\n\n\nWant to get involved in building this feature? Comment on the proposal, follow the Core team blog, and join the #core channel in the Making WordPress Slack group.
\n\n\n\nThe WordPress community of Spain has worked hard to make the es_ES locale the first in the world to fully localize all of WordPress Core along with all Meta projects, apps, and the top 200 plugins. This is made possible by having the largest translation team out of any locale, consisting of 2,951 individual contributors.
\n\n\n\nWant to get involved in translating WordPress into our locale? Find your locale on the translation platform, follow the Polyglots team blog, and join the #polyglots channel in the Making WordPress Slack group.
\n\n\n\nOn June 18, v5.2.2 of WordPress was released as a maintenance release, fixing 13 bugs and improving the Site Health feature that was first published in v5.2. If your site has not already been automatically updated to this version, you can download the update or manually check for updates in your WordPress dashboard. Thanks to JB Audras, Justin Ahinon, and Mary Baum for co-leading this release, as well as the 30 other individuals who contributed to it.
\n\n\n\nWant to get involved in building WordPress Core? Follow the Core team blog, and join the #core channel in the Making WordPress Slack group.
\n\n\n\nOn June 27, e2e (end to end) testing was introduced to WordPress and included in the continuous integration pipeline. E2e testing, which has been successfully used by Gutenberg, is used to simulate real user scenarios and validate process flows. Currently, the setup requires Docker to run, and a number of e2e test utilities are already available in the @wordpress/e2e-test-utils package, in the Gutenberg repository.
\n\n\n\nWant to use this feature? The more tests that are added, the more stable future releases will be! Follow the the Core team blog, and join the #core-js channel in the Making WordPress Slack group.
\n\n\n\nFollowing a proposal for theme feature repositories, an update to the features package was announced. Two new packages have been created that require code review and testing. The first is an Autoload Package, a foundational package for theme developers who are not currently using Composer (although Composer is recommended instead of this package). The second is a Customizer Section Button Package that allows theme authors to create a link/button to any URL.
\n\n\n\nThere are other proposed ideas for packages that require feedback and additional discussion. Want to add your suggestions and thoughts? Join the conversation on the Theme Review team blog and join the #themereview channel in the Making WordPress Slack group.
\n\n\n\nHave a story that we should include in the next “Month in WordPress” post? Please submit it here.
\n\";s:7:\"attribs\";a:0:{}s:8:\"xml_base\";s:0:\"\";s:17:\"xml_base_explicit\";b:0;s:8:\"xml_lang\";s:0:\"\";}}}s:30:\"com-wordpress:feed-additions:1\";a:1:{s:7:\"post-id\";a:1:{i:0;a:5:{s:4:\"data\";s:4:\"7009\";s:7:\"attribs\";a:0:{}s:8:\"xml_base\";s:0:\"\";s:17:\"xml_base_explicit\";b:0;s:8:\"xml_lang\";s:0:\"\";}}}}}i:3;a:6:{s:4:\"data\";s:48:\"\n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \";s:7:\"attribs\";a:0:{}s:8:\"xml_base\";s:0:\"\";s:17:\"xml_base_explicit\";b:0;s:8:\"xml_lang\";s:0:\"\";s:5:\"child\";a:4:{s:0:\"\";a:6:{s:5:\"title\";a:1:{i:0;a:5:{s:4:\"data\";s:35:\"WordPress 5.2.2 Maintenance Release\";s:7:\"attribs\";a:0:{}s:8:\"xml_base\";s:0:\"\";s:17:\"xml_base_explicit\";b:0;s:8:\"xml_lang\";s:0:\"\";}}s:4:\"link\";a:1:{i:0;a:5:{s:4:\"data\";s:71:\"https://wordpress.org/news/2019/06/wordpress-5-2-2-maintenance-release/\";s:7:\"attribs\";a:0:{}s:8:\"xml_base\";s:0:\"\";s:17:\"xml_base_explicit\";b:0;s:8:\"xml_lang\";s:0:\"\";}}s:7:\"pubDate\";a:1:{i:0;a:5:{s:4:\"data\";s:31:\"Tue, 18 Jun 2019 18:14:34 +0000\";s:7:\"attribs\";a:0:{}s:8:\"xml_base\";s:0:\"\";s:17:\"xml_base_explicit\";b:0;s:8:\"xml_lang\";s:0:\"\";}}s:8:\"category\";a:1:{i:0;a:5:{s:4:\"data\";s:8:\"Releases\";s:7:\"attribs\";a:0:{}s:8:\"xml_base\";s:0:\"\";s:17:\"xml_base_explicit\";b:0;s:8:\"xml_lang\";s:0:\"\";}}s:4:\"guid\";a:1:{i:0;a:5:{s:4:\"data\";s:34:\"https://wordpress.org/news/?p=6993\";s:7:\"attribs\";a:1:{s:0:\"\";a:1:{s:11:\"isPermaLink\";s:5:\"false\";}}s:8:\"xml_base\";s:0:\"\";s:17:\"xml_base_explicit\";b:0;s:8:\"xml_lang\";s:0:\"\";}}s:11:\"description\";a:1:{i:0;a:5:{s:4:\"data\";s:348:\"WordPress 5.2.2 is now available! This maintenance release fixes 13 bugs and adds a little bit of polish to the Site Health feature that made its debut in 5.2. For more info, browse the full list of changes on Trac or check out the Version 5.2.2 documentation page. WordPress 5.2.2 is a short-cycle maintenance release. The next […]\";s:7:\"attribs\";a:0:{}s:8:\"xml_base\";s:0:\"\";s:17:\"xml_base_explicit\";b:0;s:8:\"xml_lang\";s:0:\"\";}}}s:32:\"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/\";a:1:{s:7:\"creator\";a:1:{i:0;a:5:{s:4:\"data\";s:9:\"Mary Baum\";s:7:\"attribs\";a:0:{}s:8:\"xml_base\";s:0:\"\";s:17:\"xml_base_explicit\";b:0;s:8:\"xml_lang\";s:0:\"\";}}}s:40:\"http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/\";a:1:{s:7:\"encoded\";a:1:{i:0;a:5:{s:4:\"data\";s:3961:\"\nWordPress 5.2.2 is now available! This maintenance release fixes 13 bugs and adds a little bit of polish to the Site Health feature that made its debut in 5.2.
\n\n\n\nFor more info, browse the full list of changes on Trac or check out the Version 5.2.2 documentation page.
\n\n\n\nWordPress 5.2.2 is a short-cycle maintenance release. The next major release will be version 5.3; check make.wordpress.org/core for details as they happen.
\n\n\n\nYou can download WordPress 5.2.2 or visit Dashboard → Updates and click Update Now. Sites that support automatic background updates have already started to update automatically.
\n\n\n\nJB Audras, Justin Ahinon and Mary Baum co-led this release, with invaluable guidance from our Executive Director, Josepha Haden Chomphosy, and contributions from 30 other contributors. Thank you to everyone who made this release possible!
\n\n\n\nAndrea Fercia, Andrew Duthie, Andrew Ozz, Andy Fragen, Birgir Erlendsson (birgire), Chetan Prajapati, David Baumwald, Debabrata Karfa, Garrett Hyder, Janki Moradiya, Jb Audras, jitendrabanjara1991, Jonathan Desrosiers, Jonny Harris, Jorge Costa, Justin Ahinon, Marius L. J., Mary Baum, Meet Makadia, Milan Dinić, Mukesh Panchal, palmiak, Pedro Mendonça, Peter Wilson, Rami Yushuvaev, Riad Benguella, sarah semark, Sergey Biryukov, Shashank Panchal, Tammie Lister, Tim Hengeveld, vaishalipanchal, vrimill, and William Earnhardt
\n\";s:7:\"attribs\";a:0:{}s:8:\"xml_base\";s:0:\"\";s:17:\"xml_base_explicit\";b:0;s:8:\"xml_lang\";s:0:\"\";}}}s:30:\"com-wordpress:feed-additions:1\";a:1:{s:7:\"post-id\";a:1:{i:0;a:5:{s:4:\"data\";s:4:\"6993\";s:7:\"attribs\";a:0:{}s:8:\"xml_base\";s:0:\"\";s:17:\"xml_base_explicit\";b:0;s:8:\"xml_lang\";s:0:\"\";}}}}}i:4;a:6:{s:4:\"data\";s:48:\"\n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \";s:7:\"attribs\";a:0:{}s:8:\"xml_base\";s:0:\"\";s:17:\"xml_base_explicit\";b:0;s:8:\"xml_lang\";s:0:\"\";s:5:\"child\";a:4:{s:0:\"\";a:6:{s:5:\"title\";a:1:{i:0;a:5:{s:4:\"data\";s:32:\"The Month in WordPress: May 2019\";s:7:\"attribs\";a:0:{}s:8:\"xml_base\";s:0:\"\";s:17:\"xml_base_explicit\";b:0;s:8:\"xml_lang\";s:0:\"\";}}s:4:\"link\";a:1:{i:0;a:5:{s:4:\"data\";s:67:\"https://wordpress.org/news/2019/06/the-month-in-wordpress-may-2019/\";s:7:\"attribs\";a:0:{}s:8:\"xml_base\";s:0:\"\";s:17:\"xml_base_explicit\";b:0;s:8:\"xml_lang\";s:0:\"\";}}s:7:\"pubDate\";a:1:{i:0;a:5:{s:4:\"data\";s:31:\"Tue, 04 Jun 2019 10:21:27 +0000\";s:7:\"attribs\";a:0:{}s:8:\"xml_base\";s:0:\"\";s:17:\"xml_base_explicit\";b:0;s:8:\"xml_lang\";s:0:\"\";}}s:8:\"category\";a:1:{i:0;a:5:{s:4:\"data\";s:18:\"Month in WordPress\";s:7:\"attribs\";a:0:{}s:8:\"xml_base\";s:0:\"\";s:17:\"xml_base_explicit\";b:0;s:8:\"xml_lang\";s:0:\"\";}}s:4:\"guid\";a:1:{i:0;a:5:{s:4:\"data\";s:34:\"https://wordpress.org/news/?p=6987\";s:7:\"attribs\";a:1:{s:0:\"\";a:1:{s:11:\"isPermaLink\";s:5:\"false\";}}s:8:\"xml_base\";s:0:\"\";s:17:\"xml_base_explicit\";b:0;s:8:\"xml_lang\";s:0:\"\";}}s:11:\"description\";a:1:{i:0;a:5:{s:4:\"data\";s:319:\"This month saw the 16th anniversary since the launch of the first release of WordPress. A significant milestone to be sure and one that speaks to the strength and stability of the project as a whole. In this anniversary month, we saw a new major release of WordPress, some exciting new development work, and a […]\";s:7:\"attribs\";a:0:{}s:8:\"xml_base\";s:0:\"\";s:17:\"xml_base_explicit\";b:0;s:8:\"xml_lang\";s:0:\"\";}}}s:32:\"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/\";a:1:{s:7:\"creator\";a:1:{i:0;a:5:{s:4:\"data\";s:15:\"Hugh Lashbrooke\";s:7:\"attribs\";a:0:{}s:8:\"xml_base\";s:0:\"\";s:17:\"xml_base_explicit\";b:0;s:8:\"xml_lang\";s:0:\"\";}}}s:40:\"http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/\";a:1:{s:7:\"encoded\";a:1:{i:0;a:5:{s:4:\"data\";s:6602:\"\nThis month saw the 16th anniversary since the launch of the first release of WordPress. A significant milestone to be sure and one that speaks to the strength and stability of the project as a whole. In this anniversary month, we saw a new major release of WordPress, some exciting new development work, and a significant global event.
\n\n\n\nWordPress 5.2 “Jaco” was released on May 7 shipping some useful site management tools, such as the Site Health Check and PHP Error Protection, as well as a number of accessibility, privacy, and developer updates. You can read the field guide for this release for more detailed information about what was included and how it all works.
327 individual volunteers contributed to the release. If you would like to be a part of that number for future releases, follow the Core team blog and join the #core channel in the Making WordPress Slack group.
\n\n\n\nWordPress Translation Day is a 24-hour event organised by the Polyglots team where community members from all over the world come together to translate WordPress into their local languages. For the fourth edition held on 11 May, 183 brand new contributors joined the Polyglots team from 77 communities across 35 countries in Africa, Asia, Europe, North America, South America, and Oceania.
While the WP Translation Day is a great time for focussed contributions to localizing WordPress, but these contributions can happen at any time of the year, so if you would like to help make WordPress available in your local language, follow the Polyglots team blog and join the #polyglots channel in the Making WordPress Slack group.
\n\n\n\nThe Plugins team has proposed some updates to the guidelines for developers on the Plugin Directory. The majority of the proposed changes are intended to address significant issues faced by developers who do not speak English as a first language, making the Plugin DIrectory a more accessible and beneficial place for everyone.
The proposal will be open for comments until late June, so the community is encouraged to get involved with commenting on them and the direction they will take the Plugin Directory. If you would like to be involved in this discussion, comment on the proposal and join the #plugin review team in the Making WordPress Slack group.
\n\n\n\nSince the block editor was first released as part of WordPress Core in v5.0, development has continued in leaps and bounds with a new release every two weeks. The latest update includes some great incremental improvements that will be merged into the 5.2.2 release of WordPress along with the other recent enhancements.
In addition to the editor enhancements, work has been ongoing in the Gutenberg project to bring the block editing experience to the rest of the WordPress dashboard. This second phase of the project has been going well and the latest update shows how much work has been done so far.
In addition to that, the Block Library project that aims to bring a searchable library of available blocks right into the editor is deep in the planning phase with a recent update showing what direction the team is taking things.
If you would like to get involved in planning and development of Gutenberg and the block editor, follow the Core and Design team blogs and join the #core, #design, and #core-editor channels in the Making WordPress Slack group.
\n\n\n\nHave a story that we should include in the next “Month in WordPress” post? Please submit it here.
WordPress 5.2.1 is now available! This maintenance release fixes 33 bugs, including improvements to the block editor, accessibility, internationalization, and the Site Health feature introduced in 5.2.
\n\n\n\nYou can browse the full list of changes on Trac.
\n\n\n\nWordPress 5.2.1 is a short-cycle maintenance release. Version 5.2.2 is expected to follow in approximately two weeks.
\n\n\n\nYou can download WordPress 5.2.1 or visit Dashboard → Updates and click Update Now. Sites that support automatic background updates have already started to update automatically.
\n\n\n\nJonathan Desrosiers and William Earnhardt co-led this release, with contributions from 52 other contributors. Thank you to everyone that made this release possible!
\n\n\n\nAlex Dimitrov, Alex Shiels, Andrea Fercia, Andrew Duthie, Andrew Ozz, Andrey “Rarst” Savchenko, Andy Fragen, anischarolia, Birgir Erlendsson (birgire), chesio, Chetan Prajapati, daxelrod, Debabrata Karfa, Dima, Dion Hulse, Dominik Schilling, Ella van Durpe, Emil Dotsev, ghoul, Grzegorz (Greg) Ziółkowski, gwwar, Hareesh, Ian Belanger, imath, Jb Audras, Jeremy Felt, Joen Asmussen, Jonathan Desrosiers, Jonny Harris, Josepha, jrf, kjellr, Marius L. J., MikeNGarrett, Milan Dinić, Mukesh Panchal, onlanka, paragoninitiativeenterprises, parkcityj, Peter Wilson, Presskopp, Riad Benguella, Sergey Biryukov, Stephen Edgar, Sébastien SERRE, Thorsten Frommen, Tim Hengeveld, Timothy Jacobs, timph, TobiasBg, tonybogdanov, Tor-Bjorn Fjellner, William Earnhardt, and Yui.
\n\";s:7:\"attribs\";a:0:{}s:8:\"xml_base\";s:0:\"\";s:17:\"xml_base_explicit\";b:0;s:8:\"xml_lang\";s:0:\"\";}}}s:30:\"com-wordpress:feed-additions:1\";a:1:{s:7:\"post-id\";a:1:{i:0;a:5:{s:4:\"data\";s:4:\"6976\";s:7:\"attribs\";a:0:{}s:8:\"xml_base\";s:0:\"\";s:17:\"xml_base_explicit\";b:0;s:8:\"xml_lang\";s:0:\"\";}}}}}i:6;a:6:{s:4:\"data\";s:51:\"\n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \";s:7:\"attribs\";a:0:{}s:8:\"xml_base\";s:0:\"\";s:17:\"xml_base_explicit\";b:0;s:8:\"xml_lang\";s:0:\"\";s:5:\"child\";a:4:{s:0:\"\";a:6:{s:5:\"title\";a:1:{i:0;a:5:{s:4:\"data\";s:39:\"Tomorrow is WordPress Translation Day 4\";s:7:\"attribs\";a:0:{}s:8:\"xml_base\";s:0:\"\";s:17:\"xml_base_explicit\";b:0;s:8:\"xml_lang\";s:0:\"\";}}s:4:\"link\";a:1:{i:0;a:5:{s:4:\"data\";s:75:\"https://wordpress.org/news/2019/05/tomorrow-is-wordpress-translation-day-4/\";s:7:\"attribs\";a:0:{}s:8:\"xml_base\";s:0:\"\";s:17:\"xml_base_explicit\";b:0;s:8:\"xml_lang\";s:0:\"\";}}s:7:\"pubDate\";a:1:{i:0;a:5:{s:4:\"data\";s:31:\"Fri, 10 May 2019 09:17:48 +0000\";s:7:\"attribs\";a:0:{}s:8:\"xml_base\";s:0:\"\";s:17:\"xml_base_explicit\";b:0;s:8:\"xml_lang\";s:0:\"\";}}s:8:\"category\";a:2:{i:0;a:5:{s:4:\"data\";s:13:\"Documentation\";s:7:\"attribs\";a:0:{}s:8:\"xml_base\";s:0:\"\";s:17:\"xml_base_explicit\";b:0;s:8:\"xml_lang\";s:0:\"\";}i:1;a:5:{s:4:\"data\";s:6:\"Events\";s:7:\"attribs\";a:0:{}s:8:\"xml_base\";s:0:\"\";s:17:\"xml_base_explicit\";b:0;s:8:\"xml_lang\";s:0:\"\";}}s:4:\"guid\";a:1:{i:0;a:5:{s:4:\"data\";s:34:\"https://wordpress.org/news/?p=6961\";s:7:\"attribs\";a:1:{s:0:\"\";a:1:{s:11:\"isPermaLink\";s:5:\"false\";}}s:8:\"xml_base\";s:0:\"\";s:17:\"xml_base_explicit\";b:0;s:8:\"xml_lang\";s:0:\"\";}}s:11:\"description\";a:1:{i:0;a:5:{s:4:\"data\";s:342:\"The fourth edition of WordPress translation day is coming up on Saturday 11 May 2019: tomorrow! Get ready for a 24-hour, global marathon dedicated to localizing the WordPress platform and ecosystem. This event takes place both online and in physical locations across the world, so you can join no matter where you are! The WordPress […]\";s:7:\"attribs\";a:0:{}s:8:\"xml_base\";s:0:\"\";s:17:\"xml_base_explicit\";b:0;s:8:\"xml_lang\";s:0:\"\";}}}s:32:\"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/\";a:1:{s:7:\"creator\";a:1:{i:0;a:5:{s:4:\"data\";s:13:\"Joost de Valk\";s:7:\"attribs\";a:0:{}s:8:\"xml_base\";s:0:\"\";s:17:\"xml_base_explicit\";b:0;s:8:\"xml_lang\";s:0:\"\";}}}s:40:\"http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/\";a:1:{s:7:\"encoded\";a:1:{i:0;a:5:{s:4:\"data\";s:3747:\"\nThe fourth edition of WordPress translation day is coming up on Saturday 11 May 2019: tomorrow! Get ready for a 24-hour, global marathon dedicated to localizing the WordPress platform and ecosystem. This event takes place both online and in physical locations across the world, so you can join no matter where you are!
\n\n\n\nThe WordPress Polyglots Team has a mission to translate and make available the software’s features into as many languages as possible. As WordPress powers more than 33% of websites, people from across the world use it in their daily life. That means there is a lot that needs translating, and into many different languages.
\n\n\n\nOn 11 May 2019, from 00:00 UTC until 23:59 UTC, WordPress Translation Day aims to celebrate the thousands of volunteers who contribute to translation and internalization. The event is also an opportunity for encouraging more people to get involved and help increase the availability of themes and plugins in different languages.
\n\n\n\n“At the time of the last event in 2017, WordPress was being translated into 178 languages, we have now reached the 200 mark!”
WPtranslationday.org
There are a number of local meetings all over the world, as well as online talks by people from the WordPress community. More than 700 people from around the world took part in past WordPress Translation Days, and everyone welcome to join in this time around!
\n\n\n\nEveryone is welcome to join the event to help translate and localize WordPress, no matter their level of experience. A lot is happening on the day, so join in and you will learn how to through online sessions!
\n\n\n\nA number of experienced WordPress translators and internationalization experts are part of the line-up for the livestream, joined by some first time contributors.
\n\n\n\nWhether you have or haven’t contributed to the Polyglots before, you can join in for WordPress Translation Day. Learn more about both local and online events and stay updated through the website and social media.
\n\n\n\n![\"\"](\"https://i1.wp.com/wordpress.org/news/files/2019/05/about_maintain-wordpress-cropped.png?fit=632%2C500&ssl=1\")
Version 5.2 of WordPress, named “Jaco” in honor of renowned and revolutionary jazz bassist Jaco Pastorius, is available for download or update in your WordPress dashboard. New features in this update make it easier than ever to fix your site if something goes wrong.
\n\n\n\nThere are even more robust tools for identifying and fixing configuration issues and fatal errors. Whether you are a developer helping clients or you manage your site solo, these tools can help get you the right information when you need it.
\n\n\n\n![\"\"](\"https://i2.wp.com/wordpress.org/news/files/2019/05/about_site-health.png?resize=205%2C143&ssl=1\")
Building on the Site Health features introduced in 5.1, this release adds two new pages to help debug common configuration issues. It also adds space where developers can include debugging information for site maintainers.
\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n![\"\"](\"https://i1.wp.com/wordpress.org/news/files/2019/05/about_error-protection.png?resize=202%2C228&ssl=1\")
This administrator-focused update will let you safely fix or manage fatal errors without requiring developer time. It features better handling of the so-called “white screen of death,” and a way to enter recovery mode, which pauses error-causing plugins or themes.
\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nA number of changes work together to improve contextual awareness and keyboard navigation flow for those using screen readers and other assistive technologies.
\n\n\n\nThirteen new icons including Instagram, a suite of icons for BuddyPress, and rotated Earth icons for global inclusion. Find them in the Dashboard and have some fun!
\n\n\n\nWordPress will now automatically determine if your site’s version of PHP is compatible with installed plugins. If the plugin requires a higher version of PHP than your site currently uses, WordPress will not allow you to activate it, preventing potential compatibility errors.
\n\n\n\nThe minimum supported PHP version is now 5.6.20. As of WordPress 5.2*, themes and plugins can safely take advantage of namespaces, anonymous functions, and more!
\nA new theme page template, a conditional function, and two CSS classes make designing and customizing the Privacy Policy page easier.
\n5.2 introduces a wp_body_open hook, which lets themes support injecting code right at the beginning of the <body> element.
\nWith the addition of webpack and Babel configurations in the wordpress/scripts package, developers won’t have to worry about setting up complex build tools to write modern JavaScript.
\n*If you are running an old version of PHP (less than 5.6.20), update your PHP before installing 5.2.
\n\n\n\nThis release was led by Matt Mullenweg, Josepha Haden Chomphosy, and Gary Pendergast. They were graciously supported by 327 generous volunteer contributors. Load a Jaco Pastorius playlist on your favorite music service and check out some of their profiles:
\n\n\nAaron D. Campbell, Aaron Jorbin, Adam Silverstein, Adam Soucie, Adil Öztaşer, Ajit Bohra, Alain Schlesser, Alda Vigdís, Alex Denning, Alex Dimitrov, Alex Kirk, Alex Mills, Alex Shiels, Alexis, Alexis Lloyd, allancole, Allen Snook, Andr?, andraganescu, Andrea Fercia, Andrea Middleton, Andrei Lupu, Andrew Dixon, Andrew Duthie, Andrew Nacin, Andrew Ozz, Andrey \"Rarst\" Savchenko, Andrés Maneiro, Andy Fragen, Andy Meerwaldt, Aniket Patel, anischarolia, Anton Timmermans, Anton Vanyukov, Antonio Villegas, antonypuckey, Ari Stathopoulos, Aslam Shekh, axaak, Bego Mario Garde, Ben Dunkle, Ben Ritner - Kadence Themes, Benjamin Intal, Bill Erickson, Birgir Erlendsson, Bodo (Hugo) Barwich, bonger, Boone Gorges, Bradley Taylor, Brandon Kraft, Brent Swisher, Burhan Nasir, Cathi Bosco, Chetan Prajapati, Chiara Magnani, Chouby, Chris Van Patten, D.S. Webster, Damon Cook, Daniel Bachhuber, Daniel James, Daniel Llewellyn, Daniel Richards, Daniele Scasciafratte, Darren Ethier, Dave Whitley, DaveFX, davetgreen, David Baumwald, David Binovec, David Binovec, David Herrera, David Roddick, David Smith, Davide \'Folletto\' Casali, daxelrod, Debabrata Karfa, dekervit, Denis de Bernardy, Dennis Snell, Derek Herman, Derrick Hammer, designsimply, Dhanukanuwan, Dharmesh Patel, Diane, diegoreymendez, Dilip Bheda, Dima, Dion Hulse, Dixita Dusara, Dmitry Mayorov, Dominik Schilling, Drew Jaynes, dsifford, EcoTechie, Eduardo Toledo, Ella Van Durpe, Emil Dotsev, fabiankaegy, Faisal Alvi, Farhad Sakhaei, Felix Arntz, Franklin Tse, Fuegas, Garrett Hyder, Gary Jones, Gennady Kovshenin, ghoul, Girish Panchal, Grzegorz Ziółkowski, Guido Scialfa, GutenDev![\"✍\"](\"https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/12.0.0-1/72x72/270d.png\")
![\"㊙\"](\"https://s.w.org/images/core/emoji/12.0.0-1/72x72/3299.png\")
, gwwar, Hannah Malcolm, Hardik Amipara, Hardik Thakkar, Hendrik Luehrsen, Henry, Henry Wright, Hoover, Ian Belanger, Ian Dunn, ice9js, Igor Zinovyev, imath, Ixium, J.D. Grimes, jakeparis, James, janak Kaneriya, Janki Moradiya, Jarred Kennedy, Javier Villanueva, Jay Upadhyay, Jaydip Rami, Jaye Simons, Jayman Pandya, jdeeburke, Jean-Baptiste Audras, Jeff Paul, Jeffrey de Wit, Jenny Wong, Jeremy Felt, Jeremy Green, Jeremy Herve, jitendrabanjara1991, Joe Dolson, Joe McGill, Joen Asmussen, Johan Falk, Johanna de Vos, John Blackbourn, John James Jacoby, Jonathan Desrosiers, Jonathandejong, joneiseman, Jonny Harris, jonnybojangles, Joost de Valk, jordesign, Jorge Bernal, Jorge Costa, Jory Hogeveen, Jose Castaneda, josephwa, Josh Feck, JoshuaWold, Joy, jplo, JR Tashjian, jrf, Juhi Patel, juliarrr, Justin Ahinon, K. Adam White, KamataRyo, Karine Do, Katyatina, Kelin Chauhan, Kelly Dwan, Khokan Sardar, killua99, Kite, Kjell Reigstad, Knut Sparhell, Koji Kuno, Konstantin Obenland, Konstantinos Xenos, Kʜᴀɴ (ಠ_ಠ), laurelfulford, lkraav, lovingboth, Luke Carbis, Luke Gedeon, Luke Pettway, Maciej Palmowski, Maedah Batool, Maja Benke, Malae, Manzoor Wani, Marcin, Marcin Pietrzak, Marco Fernandes, Marco Peralta, Marcus Kazmierczak, marekhrabe, Marius Jensen, Mariyan Belchev, Mark Uraine, markcallen, Markus Echterhoff, Marty Helmick, Mary Baum, mattnyeus, mdwolinski, Meet Makadia, Mel Choyce, mheikkila, Micah Wood, michelleweber, Miguel Fonseca, Miguel Torres, Mikael Korpela, Mike Auteri, Mike Schinkel [WPLib Box project lead], Mike Schroder, Mike Selander, MikeNGarrett, Milan Dinić, mirka, Mobin Ghasempoor, Mohadese Ghasemi, Mohammed Saimon, Morten Rand-Hendriksen, Morteza Geransayeh, Muhammad Muhsin, Mukesh Panchal, Mustafa Uysal, mzorz, Nahid, Naoki Ohashi, Nate Allen, Ned Zimmerman, Neokazis Charalampos, Nick Cernis, Nick Diego, Nick Halsey, Nidhi Jain, Niels, Niels de Blaauw, Nikolay Nikolov, Nilambar Sharma, ninio, notnownikki, Oliver Sadler, onlanka, pandelisz, Pascal Birchler, Paul Bearne, Paul Biron, Pedro Mendonça, Peter Booker, Peter Wilson, pfiled, pilou69, Pranali Patel, Pratik, Pratik K. Yadav, Presskopp, psealock, Punit Patel, Rachel Cherry, Rahmon, Ramanan, Rami Yushuvaev, Ramiz Manked, ramonopoly, Riad Benguella, Rinat Khaziev, Robert Anderson, Rudy Susanto, Ryan Boren, Ryan Welcher, Sébastien SERRE, Saeed Fard, Sal Ferrarello, Salar Gholizadeh, Samaneh Mirrajabi, Sami Keijonen, Samuel Elh, Santiago Garza, Sara Cope, saracup, sarah semark, Scott Arciszewski, Scott Reilly, Sebastian Pisula, Sekineh Ebrahimzadeh, Sergey Biryukov, SergioEstevao, sgastard, sharifkiberu, Shashank Panchal, shazdeh, Shital Marakana, sky_76, Soren Wrede, Stephen Edgar, Steven Word, Subrata Sarkar, Sudar Muthu, Sudhir Yadav, szepe.viktor, Takayuki Miyauchi, Tammie Lister, Themonic, thomstark, Thorsten Frommen, Thrijith Thankachan, Tim Hedgefield, Tim Wright, Timothy Jacobs, timph, tmatsuur, tmdesigned, tmdesigned, Tobias Zimpel, TobiasBg, TomHarrigan, tonybogdanov, Tor-Bjorn Fjellner, Toro_Unit (Hiroshi Urabe), torres126, Torsten Landsiedel, Towhidul Islam, Tracy Levesque, Umang Bhanvadia, Vaishali Panchal, vrimill, WebFactory, Weston Ruter, WFMattR, William \'Bahia\' Bay, William Earnhardt, williampatton, Willscrlt, Wolly aka Paolo Valenti, wrwrwr0, Yoav Farhi, Yui, Zebulan Stanphill, and Česlav Przywara.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nAlso, many thanks to all of the community volunteers who contribute in the support forums. They answer questions from people across the world, whether they are using WordPress for the first time or since the first release. These releases are more successful for their efforts!
\n\n\n\nIf you want learn more about volunteering with WordPress, check out Make WordPress or the core development blog.
\n\n\n\nThanks for choosing WordPress!
\n\";s:7:\"attribs\";a:0:{}s:8:\"xml_base\";s:0:\"\";s:17:\"xml_base_explicit\";b:0;s:8:\"xml_lang\";s:0:\"\";}}}s:30:\"com-wordpress:feed-additions:1\";a:1:{s:7:\"post-id\";a:1:{i:0;a:5:{s:4:\"data\";s:4:\"6925\";s:7:\"attribs\";a:0:{}s:8:\"xml_base\";s:0:\"\";s:17:\"xml_base_explicit\";b:0;s:8:\"xml_lang\";s:0:\"\";}}}}}i:8;a:6:{s:4:\"data\";s:51:\"\n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \";s:7:\"attribs\";a:0:{}s:8:\"xml_base\";s:0:\"\";s:17:\"xml_base_explicit\";b:0;s:8:\"xml_lang\";s:0:\"\";s:5:\"child\";a:4:{s:0:\"\";a:6:{s:5:\"title\";a:1:{i:0;a:5:{s:4:\"data\";s:17:\"WordPress 5.2 RC2\";s:7:\"attribs\";a:0:{}s:8:\"xml_base\";s:0:\"\";s:17:\"xml_base_explicit\";b:0;s:8:\"xml_lang\";s:0:\"\";}}s:4:\"link\";a:1:{i:0;a:5:{s:4:\"data\";s:53:\"https://wordpress.org/news/2019/05/wordpress-5-2-rc2/\";s:7:\"attribs\";a:0:{}s:8:\"xml_base\";s:0:\"\";s:17:\"xml_base_explicit\";b:0;s:8:\"xml_lang\";s:0:\"\";}}s:7:\"pubDate\";a:1:{i:0;a:5:{s:4:\"data\";s:31:\"Thu, 02 May 2019 16:17:59 +0000\";s:7:\"attribs\";a:0:{}s:8:\"xml_base\";s:0:\"\";s:17:\"xml_base_explicit\";b:0;s:8:\"xml_lang\";s:0:\"\";}}s:8:\"category\";a:2:{i:0;a:5:{s:4:\"data\";s:11:\"Development\";s:7:\"attribs\";a:0:{}s:8:\"xml_base\";s:0:\"\";s:17:\"xml_base_explicit\";b:0;s:8:\"xml_lang\";s:0:\"\";}i:1;a:5:{s:4:\"data\";s:8:\"Releases\";s:7:\"attribs\";a:0:{}s:8:\"xml_base\";s:0:\"\";s:17:\"xml_base_explicit\";b:0;s:8:\"xml_lang\";s:0:\"\";}}s:4:\"guid\";a:1:{i:0;a:5:{s:4:\"data\";s:34:\"https://wordpress.org/news/?p=6914\";s:7:\"attribs\";a:1:{s:0:\"\";a:1:{s:11:\"isPermaLink\";s:5:\"false\";}}s:8:\"xml_base\";s:0:\"\";s:17:\"xml_base_explicit\";b:0;s:8:\"xml_lang\";s:0:\"\";}}s:11:\"description\";a:1:{i:0;a:5:{s:4:\"data\";s:326:\"The second release candidate for WordPress 5.2 is now available! WordPress 5.2 will be released on Tuesday, May 7, but we need your help to get there—if you haven’t tried 5.2 yet, now is the time! There are two ways to test the WordPress 5.2 release candidate: try the WordPress Beta Tester plugin (you’ll want […]\";s:7:\"attribs\";a:0:{}s:8:\"xml_base\";s:0:\"\";s:17:\"xml_base_explicit\";b:0;s:8:\"xml_lang\";s:0:\"\";}}}s:32:\"http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/\";a:1:{s:7:\"creator\";a:1:{i:0;a:5:{s:4:\"data\";s:7:\"Josepha\";s:7:\"attribs\";a:0:{}s:8:\"xml_base\";s:0:\"\";s:17:\"xml_base_explicit\";b:0;s:8:\"xml_lang\";s:0:\"\";}}}s:40:\"http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/\";a:1:{s:7:\"encoded\";a:1:{i:0;a:5:{s:4:\"data\";s:2472:\"\nThe second release candidate for WordPress 5.2 is now available!
\n\n\n\nWordPress 5.2 will be released on Tuesday, May 7, but we need your help to get there—if you haven’t tried 5.2 yet, now is the time!
\n\n\n\nThere are two ways to test the WordPress 5.2 release candidate: try the WordPress Beta Tester plugin (you’ll want to select the “bleeding edge nightlies” option), or you can download the release candidate here (zip).
\n\n\n\nFor details about what to expect in WordPress 5.2, please see the first release candidate post.
\n\n\n\nThis release includes the final About page design. It also contains fixes for:
\n\n\n\nPlease test your plugins and themes against WordPress 5.2 and update the Tested up to version in the readme to 5.2. If you find compatibility problems, please be sure to post to the support forums so we can figure those out before the final release.
\n\n\n\nThe WordPress 5.2 Field Guide has also been published, which details the major changes.
\n\n\n\nDo you speak a language other than English? Help us translate WordPress into more than 100 languages!
\n\n\n\nIf you think you’ve found a bug, you can post to the Alpha/Beta area in the support forums. We’d love to hear from you! If you’re comfortable writing a reproducible bug report, file one on WordPress Trac, where you can also find a list of known bugs.
\n\n\n\nIt’s the start of May
and the release is coming.
We all give a cheer!
This past month has been filled with anticipation as the community builds up towards a big new release, plans some important events, and builds new tools to grow the future of the project.
\n\n\n\nWordPress 5.2 is due for release on May 7 with many new features included for developers and end-users alike. The Field Guide for the release provides a lot of information about what is in it and what you can expect, including a few key elements:
\n\n\n\nOne of the most highly anticipated features for v5.2 is the Site Health Check. This feature adds two new pages in the admin interface to help end users maintain a healthy site through common configuration issues and other elements that go along with having a robust online presence. It also provides a standardized location for developers to add debugging information.
\n\n\n\nThe Fatal Error Recovery Mode feature was originally planned for the 5.1 release but was delayed to patch up some last-minute issues that arose. This feature will help site-owners recover more quickly from fatal errors that break the display or functionality of their site that would ordinarily require code or database edits to fix.
\n\n\n\nAlong with the headlining features mentioned above, there are some important enhancements to the privacy and accessibility features included in Core. These include some important developer-focused changes to how privacy policy pages are displayed and user data is exported, as well as moving to more semantic markup for admin tabs and other improvements such as switching post format icons to drop-down menus on post list tables, improved admin toolbar markup, and contextual improvements to archive widget drop-down menu.
\n\n\n\nThe Dashicons library was last updated was over 3 years ago. Now, in the upcoming release, a set of 13 new icons will be added to the library along with improvements to the build process and file format of the icons.
\n\n\n\nThe Block Editor has seen numerous improvements lately that will all be included in the v5.2 release. Along with the interface upgrades, the underlying Javascript module has been reorganized, improvements have been made to how the block editor is detected on the post edit screen, and the Javascript build process has been enhanced.
\n\n\n\nWordPress 5.2 is now in the Release Candidate phase and you can test it by installing the Beta Tester plugin on any WordPress site.
\n\n\n\nWant to get involved in building WordPress Core? Follow the Core team blog and join the #core channel in the Making WordPress Slack group.
\n\n\n\nOn 11 May 2019, the fourth WordPress Translation Day will take place. This is a 24-hour global event dedicated to the translation of all things WordPress, from Core to themes, plugins to marketing.
\n\n\n\nOver the course of 24 hours, WordPress communities will meet to translate WordPress into their local languages and watch talks and sessions broadcast on wptranslationday.org. During the previous WordPress Translation Day, 71 local events took place in 29 countries, and even more communities are expected to take part this time.
\n\n\n\nWant to get involved in WordPress Translation Day 4? Find out how to organize a local event, follow the updates on the Polyglots team blog, and join the #polyglots channel in the Making WordPress Slack group.
\n\n\n\nSince the initial proposal for a Block Library that would be made available from inside the block editor, work has been done to put together some designs for how this would look. Since then the project has received a more direct focus with a planned out scope and timeline.
\n\n\n\nThe project is being managed on GitHub and people interested in contributing are encouraged to get involved there. You can also keep up to date by following the Design team blog and joining the #design channel in the Making WordPress Slack group.
\n\n\n\nHave a story that we should include in the next “Month in WordPress” post? Please submit it here.
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| Bik-Vodolija | 20 57 | \n
| Blizanci-Jarac | 28 25 | \n
| Rak-Strelac | 35 57 | \n
| Lav-Škorpija | 38 52 | \n
| Devica-Vaga | 38 39 | \n
Welcome to WordPress. This is your first post. Edit or delete it, then start writing!
\n','Hello world!','','trash','open','open','','hello-world__trashed','','','2019-08-05 14:19:24','2019-08-05 14:19:24','',0,'http://astrocaelum.com/?p=1',0,'post','',1),(2,1,'2019-08-05 12:15:08','2019-08-05 12:15:08','\nThis is an example page. It\'s different from a blog post because it will stay in one place and will show up in your site navigation (in most themes). Most people start with an About page that introduces them to potential site visitors. It might say something like this:
\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nHi there! I\'m a bike messenger by day, aspiring actor by night, and this is my website. I live in Los Angeles, have a great dog named Jack, and I like piña coladas. (And gettin\' caught in the rain.)
...or something like this:
\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nThe XYZ Doohickey Company was founded in 1971, and has been providing quality doohickeys to the public ever since. Located in Gotham City, XYZ employs over 2,000 people and does all kinds of awesome things for the Gotham community.
As a new WordPress user, you should go to your dashboard to delete this page and create new pages for your content. Have fun!
\n','Sample Page','','publish','closed','open','','sample-page','','','2019-08-05 12:15:08','2019-08-05 12:15:08','',0,'http://astrocaelum.com/?page_id=2',0,'page','',0),(3,1,'2019-08-05 12:15:08','2019-08-05 12:15:08','Our website address is: http://astrocaelum.com.
When visitors leave comments on the site we collect the data shown in the comments form, and also the visitor’s IP address and browser user agent string to help spam detection.
An anonymized string created from your email address (also called a hash) may be provided to the Gravatar service to see if you are using it. The Gravatar service privacy policy is available here: https://automattic.com/privacy/. After approval of your comment, your profile picture is visible to the public in the context of your comment.
If you upload images to the website, you should avoid uploading images with embedded location data (EXIF GPS) included. Visitors to the website can download and extract any location data from images on the website.
If you leave a comment on our site you may opt-in to saving your name, email address and website in cookies. These are for your convenience so that you do not have to fill in your details again when you leave another comment. These cookies will last for one year.
If you visit our login page, we will set a temporary cookie to determine if your browser accepts cookies. This cookie contains no personal data and is discarded when you close your browser.
When you log in, we will also set up several cookies to save your login information and your screen display choices. Login cookies last for two days, and screen options cookies last for a year. If you select "Remember Me", your login will persist for two weeks. If you log out of your account, the login cookies will be removed.
If you edit or publish an article, an additional cookie will be saved in your browser. This cookie includes no personal data and simply indicates the post ID of the article you just edited. It expires after 1 day.
Articles on this site may include embedded content (e.g. videos, images, articles, etc.). Embedded content from other websites behaves in the exact same way as if the visitor has visited the other website.
These websites may collect data about you, use cookies, embed additional third-party tracking, and monitor your interaction with that embedded content, including tracking your interaction with the embedded content if you have an account and are logged in to that website.
If you leave a comment, the comment and its metadata are retained indefinitely. This is so we can recognize and approve any follow-up comments automatically instead of holding them in a moderation queue.
For users that register on our website (if any), we also store the personal information they provide in their user profile. All users can see, edit, or delete their personal information at any time (except they cannot change their username). Website administrators can also see and edit that information.
If you have an account on this site, or have left comments, you can request to receive an exported file of the personal data we hold about you, including any data you have provided to us. You can also request that we erase any personal data we hold about you. This does not include any data we are obliged to keep for administrative, legal, or security purposes.
Visitor comments may be checked through an automated spam detection service.
Welcome to WordPress. This is your first post. Edit or delete it, then start writing!
\n','Hello world!','','inherit','closed','closed','','1-revision-v1','','','2019-08-05 14:19:24','2019-08-05 14:19:24','',1,'http://astrocaelum.com/2019/08/05/1-revision-v1/',0,'revision','',0),(7,1,'2018-04-06 11:25:55','2018-04-06 11:25:55','Među mnogobrojnim sistemima natalnih kuća koji su danas u upotrebi u tradicionalnoj astrološkoj praksi, jedan među njima se izdvaja svojom originalnošću. Nastanak ovog sistema se vezuje za period helenističke astrologije, tačnije za same njene početke, i jedan je od osnovnih elemenata po kome se tradicionalna astrologija razlikuje od od svoje preteče – vavilonske protoastrologije. Sa razvojem interesovanja u naučnim krugovima za helenističke astrološke tekstove, i ekspanzijom prevoda sa starogrčkog na engleski od sredine XX veka do danas, otkriće ovog sistema bilo je neizbežno. U astrološkim vodama je ovaj sistem isplivao na površinu 1982. godine, kada je James Holden objavio svoje otkriće u članku Ancient House Division. Nadovezujući se na značaj izlaznog znaka, Holden kaže:\r\n„This was the first system of house division. I have not encountered any name for it in the literature, so, for convenience, I shall refer to it as the Sign House system. Note that the reckoning was by whole signs. This means that if the first house was Leo, then the entire sign of Leo constituted the first house, the entire sign of Virgo the second house, and so on...“\r\nHolden je do ovog otkrića došao proučavajući sačuvane grčke horoskope iz perioda 16-75 godine nove ere, napominjući da je ovaj sistem još uvek u rasprostranjenoj upotrebi u Indiji.\r\n\r\nDakle – sistem kuća-znak ili sistem celih znakova. O čemu se zapravo ovde radi? Znak u kome se nađe stepen ascendenta – tačka preseka ekliptike i lokalnog horizonta – u celosti predstavlja 1. natalnu kuću – ωροσκοπος (horoskopos). Sledeći znak u zodijačkom sledu je druga kuća, treći znak je treća, i sve tako do 12. kuće, tj. znaka.\r\n\r\nNeko može zapitati šta je sa vrhovima kuća, toliko pominjanjih u savremenoj praksi, kako tradicionalnoj, tako i modernoj? Vrhovi kuća su zapravo granice između samih znakova, i u tome se jedino ogleda njihova važnost.\r\n\r\nSada moramo napraviti jednu digresiju. Obzirom da je sistem celih znakova predstavljao neizostavni deo helenističke astrologije, i da su se autori knjiga u to vreme služili grčkim jezikom, neke termine na nativnom grčkom moramo savladati. Tu pre svega mislim na οικος i τοπος. Ovo iz razloga da bi se očuvala suština značenja samih termina, kao i u cilju ispravnog razumevanja astrološke doktrine. Naime, termin „kuća“ u savremenoj astrološkoj teoriji i praksi odnosi se na deo ekliptike pod upravom (vladarstvom) one planete, u čijem zodijačkom znaku se nalazi vrh kuće. Međutim, u helenističkoj astrologiji reč sa značenjem „kuća“ je οικος (oikos), i predstavlja zodijački znak koji „pripada“ doslovno nekoj planeti, u smislu vlasništva, posedovanja. Izraz ekvivalentan današnjem značenju reči „kuća“ na grčkom je τοπος (topos), u prevodu mesto. Mesto (topos) označava deo ekliptike omeđen granicama zodijačkih znakova, relativno u odnosu na neku početnu, referentnu tačku. Ta referentna tačka je uglavnom stepen ascendenta, ali može biti i znak u kojem se nalazi Fortuna ili Daimon. Svako od 12 mesta nosi sa sobom određenu simboliku kroz različita značenja vezana za život ljudi (telo, sredstva za život, braća, roditelji itd).\r\n\r\nDakle, prvobitno je termin „kuća“ označavao planetarne kuće, tj. zodijačke znake koji su istovremeno označavali i mesta relativno u odnosu na izlazni znak, ascendent. I tu nije bilo nikakve zabune, obzirom na činjenicu da je sistem celih znakova (eng. WSH) o kojem govorimo bio jedini primenjivani sistem kuća koji su koristili pronalazači horoskopske astrologije i njihovi neposredni naslednici.\r\n\r\nPrema mojim saznanjima, do kojih sam došao proučavajući dela ranih helenističkih autora i savremenih istoričara astrologije (Holden, Pingree), sistem celih znakova je bio jedini primenjivani tematski sistem u izvornoj horoskopskoj astrologiji. WSH je zapravo bio neka vrsta standarda u dodeli značenja mestima, pa o njemu drevni autori nisu posebno govorili, jednostavno se podrazumevao. Kuća je istovremeno bila rezidencija planete i mesto u odnosu na ascendent.\r\n\r\nKako je helenistički period je predstavljen vremenski razdobljem od 331-30 godine pre nove ere, tj. od Aleksandrovog osvajanja Ahemenidskog carstva, do pada Egipta pod rimsku vlast, to i helenističku astrologiju vezujemo za taj vremenski interval. Negde u tom vremenu se javlja i horoskopska astrološka doktrina, na temelju vavilonske protoastrologije i egipatske astronomije. U svetu je, međutim, opšte prihvaćeno stanovište da helenistička astrologija pripada periodu od 2. veka pre nove ere do sredine 7. veka nove ere, tačnije do arapskih osvajanja Sasanidskog carstva (Persije).\r\n\r\nDakle, prvobitna podela ekliptike na mesta obuhvatala je cele zodijačke znake. Mesta su navođena relativno u odnosu položaj ekliptike i horizonta u trenutku rođenja. Još jedna specifičnost WSH je ta da je svako od 12 mesta imalo svoj naziv. Ti nazivi da ti zodijačkim redosledom su:\r\n
![\"Epanafore,](\"http://astrocaelum.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/angularity-01.jpg\")
Epanafore, kentroni i apoklime[/caption]\r\n\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nDve sheme su bile u opticaju u najranijim vremenima za nalaženje afetičnih mesta. Jedna se pripisuje Nekepsu/Petozirisu, druga Hermesu. Obe sheme pokazuju da afetična mesta mogu biti samo operativna, upotrebljiva mesta. Razlikuju se međusobno u položajima operativnih mesta u odnosu na ascendent.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_15\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"717\"]![\"Afetična](\"http://astrocaelum.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/1-nechepso-scheme.jpg\")
Afetična mesta prema Nekepsu/Petozirisu[/caption]\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nPrema shemi Nekepsa/Petozirisa, operativna (afetična) mesta su kentroni i epanafore.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_16\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"2240\"]![\"Afetična](\"http://astrocaelum.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/2-hermes-scheme.jpg\")
Afetična mesta prema Hermesu[/caption]\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nZa razliku od sheme Nekepsa/Petozirisa, u shemi po Hermesu afetična mesta su sva mesta koja nisu u averziji sa ascendentom, osim trećeg mesta, koje, iako u heksagonalnoj formi sa ascendentom, nije afetično.\r\n\r\nOve dve sheme su bile u rasprostranjenoj upotrebi kod najranijih autora, kao što su Antioh, Trasil, Serapion, Dorotej, Valens...\r\n\r\nKlaudije Ptolomej (100-178), je oformio sopstveni pristup za pronalaženje afetičnih mesta. Ovaj pristup opisao je u 3. knjizi Tetrabiblosa, 11. poglavlju. Ptolomej navodi podelu ekliptike na sledeći način. Na pet stepeni ispred stepena ascendenta nalazu se vrh prvog afetičnog mesta, kojeg Ptolomej naziva ascendent, i koje se prostire narednih 30 stepeni duž ekliptike. Granica prvog i drugog mesta je početak drugog mesta, koje takođe ima 30 longitudinalnih stepeni. Podela ekliptike se vrši na ovaj način do 12. mesta, i svako mesto ima 30 stepeni. Karakterističan je pomeraj od 5 stepeni u smeru primarnog kretanja.\r\n\r\nOva Ptolomejeva podela ekliptike je izazvala, i dan-danas izaziva velike polemike među astrolozima. Jedni smatraju Ptolomeja za izumitelja novog sistema kuća – sistema jednakih kuća, dok drugi (među kojima sam i ja) smatraju da je Ptolomejeva podela ekliptike specifična, sa jednim jedinim ciljem – pronalaženje afetičnih mesta, i da on nije imao nameru da osmisli novi tematski sistem kuća.\r\n\r\nArgumenti u korist mojih tvrdni su sledeći:\r\nFirst, one must consider as places for releasing [those] in which it is always necessary for the star which is going to assume lordship over the releasing to be: the twelfth-part around the Horoscopos, from the five degrees pre-ascending the horizon itself to the remaining twenty-five degrees post-ascending it; and the [degrees] hexagonal to these 30 degrees on the right, those of the Good Spirit; and the [degrees] square to them, [those] of the Midheaven above the earth; and the [degrees] triangular, [those] of the so-called God; and the [degrees] diametrical, those of the Descendant.\r\n\r\n\r\nUočljivo je da Ptolomej bez ustezanja upotrebljava nazive mesta (Good Spirit, Midheaven, God) za one delove ekliptike koja su po njemu afetična. No generacijama astrologa koje su usledile skoro dva milenuijuma nakon njegovog vremena je bilo logično da je Ptolomej davanjem već postojećih naziva segmentima ekliptike zapravo upotrebio jedan tematski sistem kuća u svrhu nalaženja hajlega. Taj tematski sistem natalnih kuća čije se autorstvo pripisuje Ptolomeju danas je poznat pod nazivom sistem jednakih kuća.\r\n\r\nDa li je baš tako? Da li se zaista Ptolomej može smatrati izumiteljem sistema jednakih kuća?\r\n\r\nMožda nam odgovor na ovo pitanje može dati jedan drugi ništa manje poznat antički autor. Retorijus Egipćanin. Svoju veliku zbirku astroloških aforizama i tekstova sastavio je negde krajem VI i početkom VII veka nove ere, u helenističkoj Aleksandriji. Među autorima čija je dela prikupio mogu se pomenuti Kritodem, Serapion, Dorotej, Valens, Pavle iz Aleksandrije, pseudo-Hermes, kao i drugi još neidentifikovani. Jedan autor u Retorijusovoj zbirci ipak zaslužuje posebnu pažnju. To je Antioh. Antioh kojeg Hefaistion naziva Atinjaninom. Ne zna se tačno kada je Antioh živeo, ali se na osnovu sačuvanih prepisa iz njegovog rada može zaključiti da je dominirao negde u I veku pre nove ere. Koliki je uticaj imao Antioh na Retorijusa pokazuje i činjenica da od 117 poglavlja svoje zbirke prva 53 poglavlja Egipćanin uzima iz Antiohove riznice.\r\n\r\nVratimo se sad Ptolomeju i sistemu jednakih kuća čije mu autorstvo mnogi pripisuju. Poglavlje 46 (Schmidt) iz Retorijusove zbirke nam može pomoći da dođemo do konkretnih saznanja. Naime, govoreći o vremenskom sledu mesta, Antioh dalje kaže:\r\n
Each of these 12 places obtains as its lot the 5 pre-ascended degrees and the 25 post-ascending degrees, if the squares should occur through ninety degrees. But if they should occur with different numbers of degrees, divide the degrees of the square numbers equally into three third-parts, and you would know how many degrees each place of the zodiac has.\r\n\r\n.\r\n\r\n.\r\n\r\n.\r\n\r\nFrom these things you would learn what the twelve-turning has for the succeeding [places], by distributing equally to each place the degrees that are in addition to those of a proper square, beginning the addition from the degrees dividing the birth hour and the 5 degrees that have pre-ascended it.\r\nIdentično poglavlje ovom je 52. poglavlje Porfirijevog Uvoda u Tetrabiblos (Holden), iz III veka. Za razliku od Schmidt-ovog, Holdenov prevod je jednostavniji i razumljiviji, stoga ga ovde navodim:\r\n
And each of these 12 houses has the 5 degrees rising before and the 25 degrees following after, if the quadrants happen to be 90 degrees, but if they are different numbers, divide the number of degrees in the quadrant into three equal thirds, and you will know how many degrees of the zodiac each house has.\r\n\r\n.\r\n\r\n.\r\n\r\n.\r\n\r\nOf these [degrees], distribute equally to each house the degrees that are its due from its own quadrant, making the beginning of the extent\r\nfrom the ASC degree and the 5 degrees rising before it; [by\r\ndoing this], you will learn how the houses have [their division].\r\nIz ova dva poglavlja se jasno može zaključiti sledeće. Ukoliko kvadranti imaju po 90 stepeni, dele se na istovetne segmente od po 30 stepeni, kod kojih 5 stepeni izlaze pre, 25 stepeni izlazi posle. Ukoliko kvadranti imaju više/manje od 90 stepeni, svaki kvadrant se tada deli na tri jednaka dela, s tim što pomeraj započinje od stepena ascendenta, i to na 5 stepeni koji mu prethode primarnim kretanjem nebesa.\r\n\r\nNismo li sličan scenario već videli kod Ptolomeja i njegove metode za određivanje afetičnih mesta, gde se takođe javlja pomeraj od 5 stepeni? Moglo bi se reći da je Ptolomejev metod zapravo modifikovana Antiohova doktrina koja je bila u upotrebi do njegovog vremena, a koju je slavni matematičar i geograf namerno prilagodio prema svom nahođenju.\r\n\r\nNa osnovu svega do sada rečenog postoji realna mogućnost koju sam argumentovao činjenicama da Ptolomej nije autor sistema jednakih kuća, i da je svoj metod zasnivao na još starijoj tradiciji, koju nalazimo kod Antioha Atinjanina.','Podela ekliptike i natalne kuće, II deo','','publish','open','open','','podela-ekliptike-i-natalne-kuce-ii-deo','','','2019-08-05 14:51:19','2019-08-05 14:51:19','',0,'http://astrocaelum.co.nf/?p=37',0,'post','',0),(44,1,'2018-04-23 07:01:55','2018-04-23 07:01:55','','ancient horoscope 2000x1200','','inherit','open','closed','','ancient-horoscope-2000x1200','','','2018-04-23 07:01:55','2018-04-23 07:01:55','',0,'http://astrocaelum.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/ancient-horoscope-2000x1200.png',0,'attachment','image/png',0),(46,1,'2018-04-23 07:02:30','2018-04-23 07:02:30','','cropped-ancient-horoscope-2000x1200.png','','inherit','open','closed','','cropped-ancient-horoscope-2000x1200-png','','','2018-04-23 07:02:30','2018-04-23 07:02:30','',0,'http://astrocaelum.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/cropped-ancient-horoscope-2000x1200.png',0,'attachment','image/png',0),(48,1,'2018-04-26 09:05:33','2018-04-26 09:05:33','Ugled koji je Ptolomej imao u astrološkim krugovima ogleda se kroz mnogobrojne komentare Tetrabiblosa, koji su usledili vekovima nakon njegove smrti. Značaj ovih komentara najadekvatnije dolazi do izražaja ukoliko se ovi, ako je to moguće, anliziraju hronološki.\r\n\r\nPorfirijev Uvod u Tetrabiblos (III vek), iako je zapravo zbirka astroloških definicija i pravila, sadrži jedno poglavlje od interesa za ovu temu. To je poglavlje 43, pod nazivom The Determination of the Angular, Cadent, and\r\nSuccedent [Houses] for a Particular Degree:\r\n
\r\n\r\nIdemo redom:\r\n\"Ptolemy says in his chapter \'On the Time of Life\' that the region around the ascending twelfth, from 5 of those degrees rising above the horizon down to the remaining 25 degrees rising beneath, must certainly be considered to be aphetic. He took those degrees rising before the ASC and the 25 degrees following as making up the 30 degrees of the twelfth. But this is done in these climes when the equinoctial sign rises, because, when the semicircle of the commanding signs is rising (that is, from Aries to Virgo), it always makes the eastern quadrants greater than the whole 90 degrees, but the western quadrants less. Conversely, if one of the obeying signs rises, it makes the eastern quadrants less than, but the western quadrants more than 90 degrees. And he says plainly that the degrees of the quadrant from the IMC to the ASC must be divided into three parts and a third part allotted to the ASC, and 5 degrees of its total taken as rising before, with the remainder following, and to do similarly with the rest of the quadrants.
\r\n...\"
\r\n
\r\n\r\nPorfiri najpre parafrazira Ptolomeja i daje objašnjenje kako pronaći prvo afetično mesto: ono je pozicionirano oko izlazne dvanaestine (ascendenta), i obuhvata 30 stepeni; 5 stepeni iznad i 25 stepeni ispod horizonta.\r\n\r\nOstatak teksta zaslužuje posebnu pažnju:\r\n\"Ptolemy says in his chapter \'On the Time of Life\' that the region around the ascending twelfth, from 5 of those degrees rising above the horizon down to the remaining 25 degrees rising beneath, must certainly be considered to be aphetic. He took those degrees rising before the ASC and the 25 degrees following as making up the 30 degrees of the twelfth.\"
\r\n
\r\n\r\nPorfiri sada opominje čitaoca da je postupak koji predlaže Ptolomej moguć jedino u slučaju kada je znak na ascendentu (izlazni znak) ekvinocijski znak (Ovan ili Vaga). Ovaj uslov kod Ptolomeja ne postoji, i pokazuje da je Porfiri bio upućen u doktrinu pronalaženja afetičnih mesta koja je u to vreme (vreme kada je Porfiri živeo - III vek) bila poznata i uobičajena praksa. Naime, jedino u slučaju kada je ascendent ekvinocijski znak rastojanje od stepena ASC do stepena MC iznosi tačno 90 lučnih stepeni (ukoliko se natal radi za područje ekvatora), sa manjim varijacijama kako se ide ka većim geografskim latitudama. Odličan primer je natal jednog mog klijenta, sa Vagom kao izlaznim znakom:\r\n\r\nBut this is done in these climes when the equinoctial sign rises, because, when the semicircle of the commanding signs is rising (that is, from Aries to Virgo), it always makes the eastern quadrants greater than the whole 90 degrees, but the western quadrants less. Conversely, if one of the obeying signs rises, it makes the eastern quadrants less than, but the western quadrants more than 90 degrees. And he says plainly that the degrees of the quadrant from the IMC to the ASC must be divided into three parts and a third part allotted to the ASC, and 5 degrees of its total taken as rising before, with the remainder following, and to do similarly with the rest of the quadrants.
\r\n
![\"Ascenzija](\"http://astrocaelum.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/Izlazak-ekvinocijskog-znaka.png\")
\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nOdstupanje od 90 stepeni između ASC i MC-ja u ovom slučaju iznosi svega 1°48′ za latidudu 42°33′ N. Ukoliko se uzdiže neko od komandujućih znakova (od Bika do Device), istočni kvadrant (tj. kvadrant od ASC do MC) imaće više od 90°. Ako je na ASC neki od sledbeničkih znakova (od Škorpije do Riba) tada će istočni kvadrant zauzimati manje od 90°.\r\n\r\nPorfiri dalje nastavlja sa ... \"And he says plainly...\" . Ovde će 99% čitalaca pomisliti da Porfiri podrazumeva Ptolomeja, no zapravo on ne misli na njega! Iz dva razloga:\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nMeđutim, nastavak teksta koji neposredno sledi zapravo trasira put natalnom sistemu kuća kojeg danas znamo pod nazivom Porfirijev sistem:\r\n\"He marked out as places for releasing those in one of which it\r\nis requisite for the star assuming the releasing to be: the twelfth-part around the Horoskopos, from five degrees toward the rear part pre-ascending the hour-marking degree up to the remaining\r\ntwenty-five degrees post-ascending this degree; and right hexagonals to these 30 degrees, of the Good Spirit; and [right] squares, of the Midheaven above the earth; and [right] triangulars, of the so-called God; and diametricals, of the Descendant...\"
\r\n
\r\n\r\nHefaistion ovde iznosi navodno Ptolomejevo stanovište, no ovo shvatanje se zapravo ne nalazi u originalnom Ptolomejevom tekstu. Poređenjem ovog dela Hefaistionovog teksta sa Porfirijevim pasusom (kojeg sam izneo u prethodnom delu ovog teksta), lako se uočava sličnost; jedina je razlika u tome što Hefaistion izostavlja pomeraj od 5 stepeni iznad horizonta kojim Porfiri započinje podelu ekliptike od stepena ascendenta. Mogući razlog ovakvog odstupanja od ustaljene doktrine (koju nalazimo kod Porfirija i potiče od Antioha) je izostanak i nedostupnost astrološke literature, koju nije bilo jednostavno nabaviti, imajući u vidu da je astrologija hermetička disciplina. Stoga su tumačenja Ptolomejevog metoda pronalaženja afetičnih mesta proistekla najverovatnije iz sekundarnih izvora mnogobrojnih generacija astrologa od III veka pa nadalje. Potvrda za ovu tvrdnju se nalazi u nastavku Hefaistionovog teksta. Naime, nakon što doslovno prikazuje na primeru Ptolomejev metod, Hefaistion navodi mišljenje izvesnog Pankarija, koji daje svoju verziju podele ekliptike u svrhu nalaženja afetičnih mesta. Pankarijev metod je, zapravo, sinteza Antiohovog i ptolomejevog metoda, i može se predstaviti na sledeći način. Ascendent na 25. stepenu Vodonoše, MC na 5 stepenu Strelca. Kvadrant od ASC do MC-ja ima 80 stepeni, što je za 1/9 manje od 90. Pankarije najpre vrši podelu kvadranta prema preporuci Ptolomeja, tj. na jednake inkremente od po 30 stepeni, sa pomerajem od 5 preizlaznih stepeni. Zao duh: 20. stepen Vodonoše - 20 stepen Jarca. Dobri duh: 20. stepen Jarca - 20. stepen Strelca. Mesuranema: 20. stepen Strelca - 20. stepen Škorpije. Idući potom u smeru zodijaka od stepena MC-ja, uzima 15 stepeni (od petog do dvadesetog stepena Strelca) i tu vrednost umanjuje za 1 2/3 stepeni, što je 1/9 od 15. Umanjenu vrednost od 13 1/3 stepeni potom projektuje od stepena MC-ja, dolazeći do 18 1/3 stepena kao vrh 11. kuće (Dobrog duha). Potom interval od 20. stepena Strelca do 20. stepena Jarca umanjuje za 1/9, i tu umanjenu vrednost od 26 2/3 stepeni projektuje od vrha 11. kuće, dolazeći do 15. stepena Jarca koji predstavlj vrh 12. kuće (Zlog duha). Ostatak 12. kuće se pruža sve do stepena ascendenta. Kako sledeći kvadrant (od MC-ja do DCS) ima 100 stepeni, za 1/9 je veći od 90. Idući u smeru suprotnog od zodijaka, od 5. stepena Strelca do 20. stepena Škorpije, Pankarije primenjuje analognu proceduru nalaženja vrhova 9. i 8. kuće, s tim što inkremente ekliptike ovaj put uvećava za 1/9.\r\n\r\nPankarijev metod nalazimo samo kod Hefaistiona, što nam govori da nije bio rasprostranjen i široko prihvaćen u to doba. No tekst koji je naslovljen kao IV Hefaistionov epitom (CCAG 8,2 p. 67,34 to p. 68,31) zaslužuje veliku pažnju.\r\n\r\nU ovom tekstu autor koristi za primer isti natal kao i Hefaistion (ASC - 25. stepen Vodonoše, MC - 5. stepen Strelca), ali je metod nalaženja afetičnih mesta u potpunosti saglasan sa metodom Antioha i sledi ga u potpunosti:\r\n\"And through these he hinted that it was not always necessary to give 30 degrees to the three places around the Midheaven, but rather sometimes it is requisite to make more than the 30 degrees, and again sometimes less, applying to each differently in proportion to the degrees between the two pivots. If then the degrees of the quadrant should be more than 90, he would\r\naugment the degrees by just as much as they should be greater, while if they are less than 90 degrees, he would lessen them proportionately.\"
\r\n
\r\n\r\nUzimajući u obzir konzistentost i način izlaganja u ovom alternativnom Hefaistionovom tekstu, može se sa velikom sigurnošću zaključiti da je više autentičan nego onaj koji se nalazi u Apotelesmatici.\r\n\r\nU tekstu koji sledi: IV Retorijusov epitom i poreklo Alkabitijus sistema kuća.','Podele ekliptike i natalne kuće, IV deo','','publish','open','open','','podele-ekliptike-i-natalne-kuce-iv-deo','','','2019-08-05 14:48:48','2019-08-05 14:48:48','',0,'http://astrocaelum.co.nf/?p=56',0,'post','',0),(57,1,'2018-04-30 09:39:31','2018-04-30 09:39:31','','whole-sign-houses-01','','inherit','open','closed','','whole-sign-houses-01-2','','','2018-04-30 09:39:31','2018-04-30 09:39:31','',56,'http://astrocaelum.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/whole-sign-houses-01-1.jpg',0,'attachment','image/jpeg',0),(60,1,'2018-05-03 21:41:34','2018-05-03 19:41:34','U ovom tekstu ću pokazati kako se izračunava stepen ascendenta. Za ovaj zadatak potrebno je imati efemeride i tablice ascenzija zodijačkih znakova za odgovarajuću klimu (geografsku latitudu). Koristiću svoj natal kao primer.\r\n\"From Hephaestion Il, 11
\r\nLet us also set forth an example for the sake of\r\nclarity. Suppose that a person has 25 degrees of Aquarius\r\nas Horoscopes, Midheaven 5 degrees [ of Sagittarius].\r\nCounting from the fifth degree of Sagittarius\r\n(M) to the 25th degree of Aquarius (H ) I have 80\r\ndegrees : I have namely 25 of Sagittarius and 30 of\r\nCapricorn and 25 of Aquarius. Thus there remain 10\r\ndegrees or 1/9 of a quadrant. We now take from the 5\r\ndegrees of Sagittarius 25 degrees toward the east and\r\nof the resulting 30 degrees the 9th part, that is 3 ;20,\r\nand subtract this from 30 degrees leaving 26 ;40 degrees\r\nof Sagittarius, which is the end of the twelfth 14 of Midheaven,\r\nand the beginning of the 11th Locus, that is\r\nGood Daimon. Taking again 1/9 of one-twelfth ( = 30°)\r\nthat is 3 ;20 degrees, I subtract these from 30 and acid\r\nthe remaining 26 ;40 to the 26 ;40 degrees of Sagittarius\r\nwhich were found before, and I subtracted from the\r\nresulting 53 ;20 the 30 degrees of Sagittarius. The remaining\r\n23 ;20 belong to Capricorn, making the end of\r\nGood Daimon and the beginning of Bad Daimon. And\r\nagain adding to the 23 ;20 of Capricorn the aforesaid\r\n26 ;40 of one-twelfth and from the resulting 50 I subtract the 30 degrees of Capricorn. The resulting 20 of Aquarius is the encl of the Bad Daimon and the beginning of the twelfth of the Horoscopos. [ In the same fashion the limits of other loci are determined, not without some minor arithmetical errors.]\"
\r\n
25. 9. 1981.
\r\n13.30h (dnevno rođenje)
\r\n42°N 33′
\r\nSunce na 2°20′ Vage.
\r\nPri sebi imam tablicu ascenzija znakova prema Ptolomejevom metodu. Kako se ascenzije u tablicama daju za interval od 1°, interpolacijom se dolazi do odgovarajućih vrednosti:\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n[table id=1 /]\r\n\r\nProračun obuhvata sledeće faze:\r\nSezonski sat predstavlja 1/12 vremena koje protekne od izlaska do zalaska Sunca. Računa se tako što se sumiraju vremena ascenzija za datu klimu , od stepena Sunca do stepena na opoziciji. U mom slučaju to je suma ascenzija od 2°20′ Vage do 2°20′ Ovna. Sumiranjem vrednosti iz tabele za ovaj interval dobija se 178°20′. Sezonski sat se dobija deljenjem dužine vremenskog luka sa 12, stoga imamo:
\r\n178°20′/12 = 14°52′
\r\nOvako izračunat sezonski sat je dnevni sezonski sat. Dužina noći se izražava u noćnim sezonskim satima, koji se lako nalaze ako se zna dužina dnevnih sati:
\r\n30° - 14°52′ = 15°8′
\r\nOpisana procedura se odnosi na nalaženje sezonskih sati za dnevno rođenje. Za noćno rođenje se primenjuje analogni postupak, s jedinom razlikom što se sumiraju ascenzije od stepena opozicije Sunca do stepena Sunca.
\r\nBilo koja obdanica traje 12 sezonskih sati. Vreme koje pokazuju časovnici u svakodnevnom životu je izraženo u ekvinocijskim satima. Jedan sezonski sat jednak je jednom ekvinocijskom satu jedino za vreme ekvinocija, kada obdanica i noć podjednako traju. Ovo se dešava kao što znamo ulaskom Sunca na 1. stepen Ovna i 1. stepen Vage, tj. za vreme prolećne i jesenje ravnodnevice.
\r\n\r\nOd izlaska Sunca do njegove kulninacije na lokalnom meridijanu protekne 6 sezonskih sati. Konverzijom u ekvinocijske sate dobijamo:
\r\n6 x 14°52′ / 15 = 5h 57m
\r\nVreme izlaska Sunca dobijamo kada od lokalnog podneva oduzmemo vreme od izlaska do kulminacije:
\r\n11h 32m - 5h 57m = 5h 35m
\r\nVreme koje protekne od izlaska Sunca do rođenja:
\r\n13h 30m - 5h 35m = 7h 55m
\r\nU toku jednog ekvinocijskog sata uzdigne se 15 ekvatorijalnih stepeni, stoga 7h 55m konvertovano u ekvatorijalni luk iznosi:
\r\n7h 55m x 15 = 118°45′
\r\nEkvatorijalni luk Sunca iznosi 183° i dobija se sumiranjem ascenzija od početka Ovna do 2°20′ Vage.
\r\n\r\nEkvatorijalni luk stepena ascendenta se dobija sabiranjem ekvatorijalnog luka Sunca i ekvatorijalnog luka koji Sunce pređe od izlaska do rođenja:
\r\n183° + 118°45′ = 301°45′
\r\nSada na osnovu ovako izračunatog ekvatorijalnog luka stepena ascendenta iz tablice ascenzija pronalazimo stepen ascendenta. 301°45′ odgvara vrednosti 8°48′ znaka Jarca, što je razlika manja od jednog stepena kojeg izračunava Morinus (9°45′). Pomenuta razlika se javlja kao posledica interpolacija i uzimanja približnih, zaokruženih vrednosti ascenzija.
','Praktična astronomija. Izračunavanje stepena ascendenta','','publish','open','open','','prakticna-astronomija-izracunavanje-stepena-ascendenta','','','2019-08-05 14:47:20','2019-08-05 14:47:20','',0,'http://astrocaelum.co.nf/?p=60',0,'post','',0),(85,1,'2018-05-03 21:39:19','2018-05-03 19:39:19','','04-ascendant-horizon','','inherit','open','closed','','04-ascendant-horizon','','','2018-05-03 21:39:19','2018-05-03 19:39:19','',60,'http://astrocaelum.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/04-ascendant-horizon.png',0,'attachment','image/png',0),(86,1,'2019-08-05 14:36:54','2019-08-05 14:36:54','{\"old_sidebars_widgets_data\":{\"value\":{\"wp_inactive_widgets\":[],\"sidebar-1\":[\"search-2\",\"recent-posts-2\",\"recent-comments-2\",\"archives-2\",\"categories-2\",\"meta-2\"]},\"type\":\"global_variable\",\"user_id\":1,\"date_modified_gmt\":\"2019-08-05 14:36:54\"}}','','','trash','closed','closed','','3de4cf30-19ea-458b-8683-8c0a63809479','','','2019-08-05 14:36:54','2019-08-05 14:36:54','',0,'http://astrocaelum.com/2019/08/05/3de4cf30-19ea-458b-8683-8c0a63809479/',0,'customize_changeset','',0),(87,1,'2019-08-05 14:40:40','2019-08-05 14:40:40','{\"twentyseventeen::header_image\":{\"value\":\"http:\\/\\/astrocaelum.com\\/wp-content\\/uploads\\/2018\\/04\\/cropped-ancient-horoscope-2000x1200.png\",\"type\":\"theme_mod\",\"user_id\":1,\"date_modified_gmt\":\"2019-08-05 14:40:40\"},\"twentyseventeen::header_image_data\":{\"value\":{\"attachment_id\":46,\"url\":\"http:\\/\\/astrocaelum.com\\/wp-content\\/uploads\\/2018\\/04\\/cropped-ancient-horoscope-2000x1200.png\",\"thumbnail_url\":\"http:\\/\\/astrocaelum.com\\/wp-content\\/uploads\\/2018\\/04\\/cropped-ancient-horoscope-2000x1200.png\",\"alt_text\":\"\",\"attachment_parent\":\"\",\"width\":2000,\"height\":1200,\"timestamp\":[\"1524466971\"]},\"type\":\"theme_mod\",\"user_id\":1,\"date_modified_gmt\":\"2019-08-05 14:40:40\"}}','','','trash','closed','closed','','37c325e0-0cbf-48c2-ab7e-0e02496778cd','','','2019-08-05 14:40:40','2019-08-05 14:40:40','',0,'http://astrocaelum.com/2019/08/05/37c325e0-0cbf-48c2-ab7e-0e02496778cd/',0,'customize_changeset','',0),(88,1,'2019-08-05 14:41:07','2019-08-05 14:41:07','http://astrocaelum.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/cropped-Ja-logo-1.jpg','cropped-Ja-logo-1.jpg','','inherit','open','closed','','cropped-ja-logo-1-jpg','','','2019-08-05 14:41:07','2019-08-05 14:41:07','',0,'http://astrocaelum.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/cropped-Ja-logo-1.jpg',0,'attachment','image/jpeg',0),(89,1,'2019-08-05 14:41:12','2019-08-05 14:41:12','{\"twentyseventeen::custom_logo\":{\"value\":88,\"type\":\"theme_mod\",\"user_id\":1,\"date_modified_gmt\":\"2019-08-05 14:41:12\"}}','','','trash','closed','closed','','0c8ea719-fb9a-4685-b8ce-5108c72c20df','','','2019-08-05 14:41:12','2019-08-05 14:41:12','',0,'http://astrocaelum.com/2019/08/05/0c8ea719-fb9a-4685-b8ce-5108c72c20df/',0,'customize_changeset','',0),(90,1,'2019-08-05 14:47:20','2019-08-05 14:47:20','U ovom tekstu ću pokazati kako se izračunava stepen ascendenta. Za ovaj zadatak potrebno je imati efemeride i tablice ascenzija zodijačkih znakova za odgovarajuću klimu (geografsku latitudu). Koristiću svoj natal kao primer.\r\n25. 9. 1981.
\r\n13.30h (dnevno rođenje)
\r\n42°N 33′
\r\nSunce na 2°20′ Vage.
\r\nPri sebi imam tablicu ascenzija znakova prema Ptolomejevom metodu. Kako se ascenzije u tablicama daju za interval od 1°, interpolacijom se dolazi do odgovarajućih vrednosti:\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n[table id=1 /]\r\n\r\nProračun obuhvata sledeće faze:\r\nSezonski sat predstavlja 1/12 vremena koje protekne od izlaska do zalaska Sunca. Računa se tako što se sumiraju vremena ascenzija za datu klimu , od stepena Sunca do stepena na opoziciji. U mom slučaju to je suma ascenzija od 2°20′ Vage do 2°20′ Ovna. Sumiranjem vrednosti iz tabele za ovaj interval dobija se 178°20′. Sezonski sat se dobija deljenjem dužine vremenskog luka sa 12, stoga imamo:
\r\n178°20′/12 = 14°52′
\r\nOvako izračunat sezonski sat je dnevni sezonski sat. Dužina noći se izražava u noćnim sezonskim satima, koji se lako nalaze ako se zna dužina dnevnih sati:
\r\n30° - 14°52′ = 15°8′
\r\nOpisana procedura se odnosi na nalaženje sezonskih sati za dnevno rođenje. Za noćno rođenje se primenjuje analogni postupak, s jedinom razlikom što se sumiraju ascenzije od stepena opozicije Sunca do stepena Sunca.
\r\nBilo koja obdanica traje 12 sezonskih sati. Vreme koje pokazuju časovnici u svakodnevnom životu je izraženo u ekvinocijskim satima. Jedan sezonski sat jednak je jednom ekvinocijskom satu jedino za vreme ekvinocija, kada obdanica i noć podjednako traju. Ovo se dešava kao što znamo ulaskom Sunca na 1. stepen Ovna i 1. stepen Vage, tj. za vreme prolećne i jesenje ravnodnevice.
\r\n\r\nOd izlaska Sunca do njegove kulninacije na lokalnom meridijanu protekne 6 sezonskih sati. Konverzijom u ekvinocijske sate dobijamo:
\r\n6 x 14°52′ / 15 = 5h 57m
\r\nVreme izlaska Sunca dobijamo kada od lokalnog podneva oduzmemo vreme od izlaska do kulminacije:
\r\n11h 32m - 5h 57m = 5h 35m
\r\nVreme koje protekne od izlaska Sunca do rođenja:
\r\n13h 30m - 5h 35m = 7h 55m
\r\nU toku jednog ekvinocijskog sata uzdigne se 15 ekvatorijalnih stepeni, stoga 7h 55m konvertovano u ekvatorijalni luk iznosi:
\r\n7h 55m x 15 = 118°45′
\r\nEkvatorijalni luk Sunca iznosi 183° i dobija se sumiranjem ascenzija od početka Ovna do 2°20′ Vage.
\r\n\r\nEkvatorijalni luk stepena ascendenta se dobija sabiranjem ekvatorijalnog luka Sunca i ekvatorijalnog luka koji Sunce pređe od izlaska do rođenja:
\r\n183° + 118°45′ = 301°45′
\r\nSada na osnovu ovako izračunatog ekvatorijalnog luka stepena ascendenta iz tablice ascenzija pronalazimo stepen ascendenta. 301°45′ odgvara vrednosti 8°48′ znaka Jarca, što je razlika manja od jednog stepena kojeg izračunava Morinus (9°45′). Pomenuta razlika se javlja kao posledica interpolacija i uzimanja približnih, zaokruženih vrednosti ascenzija.
','Praktična astronomija. Izračunavanje stepena ascendenta','','inherit','closed','closed','','60-revision-v1','','','2019-08-05 14:47:20','2019-08-05 14:47:20','',60,'http://astrocaelum.com/2019/08/05/60-revision-v1/',0,'revision','',0),(91,1,'2019-08-05 14:48:48','2019-08-05 14:48:48','Apotelesmatika je obimna kolekcija astroloških aforizama i pravila, čiji je autor Hefaistion iz Tebe, oko 415. godine. U 11. poglavlju 2. knjige, pod nazivom Concerning the Length of life According to the Truth and Ptolemy, Hefaistion verno iznosi Ptolomejev metod za nalaženje afetičnih mesta:\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nMeđutim, nastavak teksta koji neposredno sledi zapravo trasira put natalnom sistemu kuća kojeg danas znamo pod nazivom Porfirijev sistem:\r\n\"He marked out as places for releasing those in one of which it\r\nis requisite for the star assuming the releasing to be: the twelfth-part around the Horoskopos, from five degrees toward the rear part pre-ascending the hour-marking degree up to the remaining\r\ntwenty-five degrees post-ascending this degree; and right hexagonals to these 30 degrees, of the Good Spirit; and [right] squares, of the Midheaven above the earth; and [right] triangulars, of the so-called God; and diametricals, of the Descendant...\"
\r\n
\r\n\r\nHefaistion ovde iznosi navodno Ptolomejevo stanovište, no ovo shvatanje se zapravo ne nalazi u originalnom Ptolomejevom tekstu. Poređenjem ovog dela Hefaistionovog teksta sa Porfirijevim pasusom (kojeg sam izneo u prethodnom delu ovog teksta), lako se uočava sličnost; jedina je razlika u tome što Hefaistion izostavlja pomeraj od 5 stepeni iznad horizonta kojim Porfiri započinje podelu ekliptike od stepena ascendenta. Mogući razlog ovakvog odstupanja od ustaljene doktrine (koju nalazimo kod Porfirija i potiče od Antioha) je izostanak i nedostupnost astrološke literature, koju nije bilo jednostavno nabaviti, imajući u vidu da je astrologija hermetička disciplina. Stoga su tumačenja Ptolomejevog metoda pronalaženja afetičnih mesta proistekla najverovatnije iz sekundarnih izvora mnogobrojnih generacija astrologa od III veka pa nadalje. Potvrda za ovu tvrdnju se nalazi u nastavku Hefaistionovog teksta. Naime, nakon što doslovno prikazuje na primeru Ptolomejev metod, Hefaistion navodi mišljenje izvesnog Pankarija, koji daje svoju verziju podele ekliptike u svrhu nalaženja afetičnih mesta. Pankarijev metod je, zapravo, sinteza Antiohovog i ptolomejevog metoda, i može se predstaviti na sledeći način. Ascendent na 25. stepenu Vodonoše, MC na 5 stepenu Strelca. Kvadrant od ASC do MC-ja ima 80 stepeni, što je za 1/9 manje od 90. Pankarije najpre vrši podelu kvadranta prema preporuci Ptolomeja, tj. na jednake inkremente od po 30 stepeni, sa pomerajem od 5 preizlaznih stepeni. Zao duh: 20. stepen Vodonoše - 20 stepen Jarca. Dobri duh: 20. stepen Jarca - 20. stepen Strelca. Mesuranema: 20. stepen Strelca - 20. stepen Škorpije. Idući potom u smeru zodijaka od stepena MC-ja, uzima 15 stepeni (od petog do dvadesetog stepena Strelca) i tu vrednost umanjuje za 1 2/3 stepeni, što je 1/9 od 15. Umanjenu vrednost od 13 1/3 stepeni potom projektuje od stepena MC-ja, dolazeći do 18 1/3 stepena kao vrh 11. kuće (Dobrog duha). Potom interval od 20. stepena Strelca do 20. stepena Jarca umanjuje za 1/9, i tu umanjenu vrednost od 26 2/3 stepeni projektuje od vrha 11. kuće, dolazeći do 15. stepena Jarca koji predstavlj vrh 12. kuće (Zlog duha). Ostatak 12. kuće se pruža sve do stepena ascendenta. Kako sledeći kvadrant (od MC-ja do DCS) ima 100 stepeni, za 1/9 je veći od 90. Idući u smeru suprotnog od zodijaka, od 5. stepena Strelca do 20. stepena Škorpije, Pankarije primenjuje analognu proceduru nalaženja vrhova 9. i 8. kuće, s tim što inkremente ekliptike ovaj put uvećava za 1/9.\r\n\r\nPankarijev metod nalazimo samo kod Hefaistiona, što nam govori da nije bio rasprostranjen i široko prihvaćen u to doba. No tekst koji je naslovljen kao IV Hefaistionov epitom (CCAG 8,2 p. 67,34 to p. 68,31) zaslužuje veliku pažnju.\r\n\r\nU ovom tekstu autor koristi za primer isti natal kao i Hefaistion (ASC - 25. stepen Vodonoše, MC - 5. stepen Strelca), ali je metod nalaženja afetičnih mesta u potpunosti saglasan sa metodom Antioha i sledi ga u potpunosti:\r\n\"And through these he hinted that it was not always necessary to give 30 degrees to the three places around the Midheaven, but rather sometimes it is requisite to make more than the 30 degrees, and again sometimes less, applying to each differently in proportion to the degrees between the two pivots. If then the degrees of the quadrant should be more than 90, he would\r\naugment the degrees by just as much as they should be greater, while if they are less than 90 degrees, he would lessen them proportionately.\"
\r\n
\r\n\r\nUzimajući u obzir konzistentost i način izlaganja u ovom alternativnom Hefaistionovom tekstu, može se sa velikom sigurnošću zaključiti da je više autentičan nego onaj koji se nalazi u Apotelesmatici.\r\n\r\nU tekstu koji sledi: IV Retorijusov epitom i poreklo Alkabitijus sistema kuća.','Podele ekliptike i natalne kuće, IV deo','','inherit','closed','closed','','56-revision-v1','','','2019-08-05 14:48:48','2019-08-05 14:48:48','',56,'http://astrocaelum.com/2019/08/05/56-revision-v1/',0,'revision','',0),(92,1,'2019-08-05 14:50:47','2019-08-05 14:50:47','Ugled koji je Ptolomej imao u astrološkim krugovima ogleda se kroz mnogobrojne komentare Tetrabiblosa, koji su usledili vekovima nakon njegove smrti. Značaj ovih komentara najadekvatnije dolazi do izražaja ukoliko se ovi, ako je to moguće, anliziraju hronološki.\r\n\r\nPorfirijev Uvod u Tetrabiblos (III vek), iako je zapravo zbirka astroloških definicija i pravila, sadrži jedno poglavlje od interesa za ovu temu. To je poglavlje 43, pod nazivom The Determination of the Angular, Cadent, and\r\nSuccedent [Houses] for a Particular Degree:\r\n\"From Hephaestion Il, 11
\r\nLet us also set forth an example for the sake of\r\nclarity. Suppose that a person has 25 degrees of Aquarius\r\nas Horoscopes, Midheaven 5 degrees [ of Sagittarius].\r\nCounting from the fifth degree of Sagittarius\r\n(M) to the 25th degree of Aquarius (H ) I have 80\r\ndegrees : I have namely 25 of Sagittarius and 30 of\r\nCapricorn and 25 of Aquarius. Thus there remain 10\r\ndegrees or 1/9 of a quadrant. We now take from the 5\r\ndegrees of Sagittarius 25 degrees toward the east and\r\nof the resulting 30 degrees the 9th part, that is 3 ;20,\r\nand subtract this from 30 degrees leaving 26 ;40 degrees\r\nof Sagittarius, which is the end of the twelfth 14 of Midheaven,\r\nand the beginning of the 11th Locus, that is\r\nGood Daimon. Taking again 1/9 of one-twelfth ( = 30°)\r\nthat is 3 ;20 degrees, I subtract these from 30 and acid\r\nthe remaining 26 ;40 to the 26 ;40 degrees of Sagittarius\r\nwhich were found before, and I subtracted from the\r\nresulting 53 ;20 the 30 degrees of Sagittarius. The remaining\r\n23 ;20 belong to Capricorn, making the end of\r\nGood Daimon and the beginning of Bad Daimon. And\r\nagain adding to the 23 ;20 of Capricorn the aforesaid\r\n26 ;40 of one-twelfth and from the resulting 50 I subtract the 30 degrees of Capricorn. The resulting 20 of Aquarius is the encl of the Bad Daimon and the beginning of the twelfth of the Horoscopos. [ In the same fashion the limits of other loci are determined, not without some minor arithmetical errors.]\"
\r\n
\r\n\r\nIdemo redom:\r\n\"Ptolemy says in his chapter \'On the Time of Life\' that the region around the ascending twelfth, from 5 of those degrees rising above the horizon down to the remaining 25 degrees rising beneath, must certainly be considered to be aphetic. He took those degrees rising before the ASC and the 25 degrees following as making up the 30 degrees of the twelfth. But this is done in these climes when the equinoctial sign rises, because, when the semicircle of the commanding signs is rising (that is, from Aries to Virgo), it always makes the eastern quadrants greater than the whole 90 degrees, but the western quadrants less. Conversely, if one of the obeying signs rises, it makes the eastern quadrants less than, but the western quadrants more than 90 degrees. And he says plainly that the degrees of the quadrant from the IMC to the ASC must be divided into three parts and a third part allotted to the ASC, and 5 degrees of its total taken as rising before, with the remainder following, and to do similarly with the rest of the quadrants.
\r\n...\"
\r\n
\r\n\r\nPorfiri najpre parafrazira Ptolomeja i daje objašnjenje kako pronaći prvo afetično mesto: ono je pozicionirano oko izlazne dvanaestine (ascendenta), i obuhvata 30 stepeni; 5 stepeni iznad i 25 stepeni ispod horizonta.\r\n\r\nOstatak teksta zaslužuje posebnu pažnju:\r\n\"Ptolemy says in his chapter \'On the Time of Life\' that the region around the ascending twelfth, from 5 of those degrees rising above the horizon down to the remaining 25 degrees rising beneath, must certainly be considered to be aphetic. He took those degrees rising before the ASC and the 25 degrees following as making up the 30 degrees of the twelfth.\"
\r\n
\r\n\r\nPorfiri sada opominje čitaoca da je postupak koji predlaže Ptolomej moguć jedino u slučaju kada je znak na ascendentu (izlazni znak) ekvinocijski znak (Ovan ili Vaga). Ovaj uslov kod Ptolomeja ne postoji, i pokazuje da je Porfiri bio upućen u doktrinu pronalaženja afetičnih mesta koja je u to vreme (vreme kada je Porfiri živeo - III vek) bila poznata i uobičajena praksa. Naime, jedino u slučaju kada je ascendent ekvinocijski znak rastojanje od stepena ASC do stepena MC iznosi tačno 90 lučnih stepeni (ukoliko se natal radi za područje ekvatora), sa manjim varijacijama kako se ide ka većim geografskim latitudama. Odličan primer je natal jednog mog klijenta, sa Vagom kao izlaznim znakom:\r\n\r\nBut this is done in these climes when the equinoctial sign rises, because, when the semicircle of the commanding signs is rising (that is, from Aries to Virgo), it always makes the eastern quadrants greater than the whole 90 degrees, but the western quadrants less. Conversely, if one of the obeying signs rises, it makes the eastern quadrants less than, but the western quadrants more than 90 degrees. And he says plainly that the degrees of the quadrant from the IMC to the ASC must be divided into three parts and a third part allotted to the ASC, and 5 degrees of its total taken as rising before, with the remainder following, and to do similarly with the rest of the quadrants.
\r\n
\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nOdstupanje od 90 stepeni između ASC i MC-ja u ovom slučaju iznosi svega 1°48′ za latidudu 42°33′ N. Ukoliko se uzdiže neko od komandujućih znakova (od Bika do Device), istočni kvadrant (tj. kvadrant od ASC do MC) imaće više od 90°. Ako je na ASC neki od sledbeničkih znakova (od Škorpije do Riba) tada će istočni kvadrant zauzimati manje od 90°.\r\n\r\nPorfiri dalje nastavlja sa ... \"And he says plainly...\" . Ovde će 99% čitalaca pomisliti da Porfiri podrazumeva Ptolomeja, no zapravo on ne misli na njega! Iz dva razloga:\r\nFirst, one must consider as places for releasing [those] in which it is always necessary for the star which is going to assume lordship over the releasing to be: the twelfth-part around the Horoscopos, from the five degrees pre-ascending the horizon itself to the remaining twenty-five degrees post-ascending it; and the [degrees] hexagonal to these 30 degrees on the right, those of the Good Spirit; and the [degrees] square to them, [those] of the Midheaven above the earth; and the [degrees] triangular, [those] of the so-called God; and the [degrees] diametrical, those of the Descendant.\r\n\r\n\r\nUočljivo je da Ptolomej bez ustezanja upotrebljava nazive mesta (Good Spirit, Midheaven, God) za one delove ekliptike koja su po njemu afetična. No generacijama astrologa koje su usledile skoro dva milenuijuma nakon njegovog vremena je bilo logično da je Ptolomej davanjem već postojećih naziva segmentima ekliptike zapravo upotrebio jedan tematski sistem kuća u svrhu nalaženja hajlega. Taj tematski sistem natalnih kuća čije se autorstvo pripisuje Ptolomeju danas je poznat pod nazivom sistem jednakih kuća.\r\n\r\nDa li je baš tako? Da li se zaista Ptolomej može smatrati izumiteljem sistema jednakih kuća?\r\n\r\nMožda nam odgovor na ovo pitanje može dati jedan drugi ništa manje poznat antički autor. Retorijus Egipćanin. Svoju veliku zbirku astroloških aforizama i tekstova sastavio je negde krajem VI i početkom VII veka nove ere, u helenističkoj Aleksandriji. Među autorima čija je dela prikupio mogu se pomenuti Kritodem, Serapion, Dorotej, Valens, Pavle iz Aleksandrije, pseudo-Hermes, kao i drugi još neidentifikovani. Jedan autor u Retorijusovoj zbirci ipak zaslužuje posebnu pažnju. To je Antioh. Antioh kojeg Hefaistion naziva Atinjaninom. Ne zna se tačno kada je Antioh živeo, ali se na osnovu sačuvanih prepisa iz njegovog rada može zaključiti da je dominirao negde u I veku pre nove ere. Koliki je uticaj imao Antioh na Retorijusa pokazuje i činjenica da od 117 poglavlja svoje zbirke prva 53 poglavlja Egipćanin uzima iz Antiohove riznice.\r\n\r\nVratimo se sad Ptolomeju i sistemu jednakih kuća čije mu autorstvo mnogi pripisuju. Poglavlje 46 (Schmidt) iz Retorijusove zbirke nam može pomoći da dođemo do konkretnih saznanja. Naime, govoreći o vremenskom sledu mesta, Antioh dalje kaže:\r\n
Each of these 12 places obtains as its lot the 5 pre-ascended degrees and the 25 post-ascending degrees, if the squares should occur through ninety degrees. But if they should occur with different numbers of degrees, divide the degrees of the square numbers equally into three third-parts, and you would know how many degrees each place of the zodiac has.\r\n\r\n.\r\n\r\n.\r\n\r\n.\r\n\r\nFrom these things you would learn what the twelve-turning has for the succeeding [places], by distributing equally to each place the degrees that are in addition to those of a proper square, beginning the addition from the degrees dividing the birth hour and the 5 degrees that have pre-ascended it.\r\nIdentično poglavlje ovom je 52. poglavlje Porfirijevog Uvoda u Tetrabiblos (Holden), iz III veka. Za razliku od Schmidt-ovog, Holdenov prevod je jednostavniji i razumljiviji, stoga ga ovde navodim:\r\n
And each of these 12 houses has the 5 degrees rising before and the 25 degrees following after, if the quadrants happen to be 90 degrees, but if they are different numbers, divide the number of degrees in the quadrant into three equal thirds, and you will know how many degrees of the zodiac each house has.\r\n\r\n.\r\n\r\n.\r\n\r\n.\r\n\r\nOf these [degrees], distribute equally to each house the degrees that are its due from its own quadrant, making the beginning of the extent\r\nfrom the ASC degree and the 5 degrees rising before it; [by\r\ndoing this], you will learn how the houses have [their division].\r\nIz ova dva poglavlja se jasno može zaključiti sledeće. Ukoliko kvadranti imaju po 90 stepeni, dele se na istovetne segmente od po 30 stepeni, kod kojih 5 stepeni izlaze pre, 25 stepeni izlazi posle. Ukoliko kvadranti imaju više/manje od 90 stepeni, svaki kvadrant se tada deli na tri jednaka dela, s tim što pomeraj započinje od stepena ascendenta, i to na 5 stepeni koji mu prethode primarnim kretanjem nebesa.\r\n\r\nNismo li sličan scenario već videli kod Ptolomeja i njegove metode za određivanje afetičnih mesta, gde se takođe javlja pomeraj od 5 stepeni? Moglo bi se reći da je Ptolomejev metod zapravo modifikovana Antiohova doktrina koja je bila u upotrebi do njegovog vremena, a koju je slavni matematičar i geograf namerno prilagodio prema svom nahođenju.\r\n\r\nNa osnovu svega do sada rečenog postoji realna mogućnost koju sam argumentovao činjenicama da Ptolomej nije autor sistema jednakih kuća, i da je svoj metod zasnivao na još starijoj tradiciji, koju nalazimo kod Antioha Atinjanina.','Podela ekliptike i natalne kuće, II deo','','inherit','closed','closed','','37-revision-v1','','','2019-08-05 14:51:19','2019-08-05 14:51:19','',37,'http://astrocaelum.com/2019/08/05/37-revision-v1/',0,'revision','',0),(94,1,'2019-08-05 14:52:27','2019-08-05 14:52:27','Među mnogobrojnim sistemima natalnih kuća koji su danas u upotrebi u tradicionalnoj astrološkoj praksi, jedan među njima se izdvaja svojom originalnošću. Nastanak ovog sistema se vezuje za period helenističke astrologije, tačnije za same njene početke, i jedan je od osnovnih elemenata po kome se tradicionalna astrologija razlikuje od od svoje preteče – vavilonske protoastrologije. Sa razvojem interesovanja u naučnim krugovima za helenističke astrološke tekstove, i ekspanzijom prevoda sa starogrčkog na engleski od sredine XX veka do danas, otkriće ovog sistema bilo je neizbežno. U astrološkim vodama je ovaj sistem isplivao na površinu 1982. godine, kada je James Holden objavio svoje otkriće u članku Ancient House Division. Nadovezujući se na značaj izlaznog znaka, Holden kaže:\r\n
„This was the first system of house division. I have not encountered any name for it in the literature, so, for convenience, I shall refer to it as the Sign House system. Note that the reckoning was by whole signs. This means that if the first house was Leo, then the entire sign of Leo constituted the first house, the entire sign of Virgo the second house, and so on...“\r\nHolden je do ovog otkrića došao proučavajući sačuvane grčke horoskope iz perioda 16-75 godine nove ere, napominjući da je ovaj sistem još uvek u rasprostranjenoj upotrebi u Indiji.\r\n\r\nDakle – sistem kuća-znak ili sistem celih znakova. O čemu se zapravo ovde radi? Znak u kome se nađe stepen ascendenta – tačka preseka ekliptike i lokalnog horizonta – u celosti predstavlja 1. natalnu kuću – ωροσκοπος (horoskopos). Sledeći znak u zodijačkom sledu je druga kuća, treći znak je treća, i sve tako do 12. kuće, tj. znaka.\r\n\r\nNeko može zapitati šta je sa vrhovima kuća, toliko pominjanjih u savremenoj praksi, kako tradicionalnoj, tako i modernoj? Vrhovi kuća su zapravo granice između samih znakova, i u tome se jedino ogleda njihova važnost.\r\n\r\nSada moramo napraviti jednu digresiju. Obzirom da je sistem celih znakova predstavljao neizostavni deo helenističke astrologije, i da su se autori knjiga u to vreme služili grčkim jezikom, neke termine na nativnom grčkom moramo savladati. Tu pre svega mislim na οικος i τοπος. Ovo iz razloga da bi se očuvala suština značenja samih termina, kao i u cilju ispravnog razumevanja astrološke doktrine. Naime, termin „kuća“ u savremenoj astrološkoj teoriji i praksi odnosi se na deo ekliptike pod upravom (vladarstvom) one planete, u čijem zodijačkom znaku se nalazi vrh kuće. Međutim, u helenističkoj astrologiji reč sa značenjem „kuća“ je οικος (oikos), i predstavlja zodijački znak koji „pripada“ doslovno nekoj planeti, u smislu vlasništva, posedovanja. Izraz ekvivalentan današnjem značenju reči „kuća“ na grčkom je τοπος (topos), u prevodu mesto. Mesto (topos) označava deo ekliptike omeđen granicama zodijačkih znakova, relativno u odnosu na neku početnu, referentnu tačku. Ta referentna tačka je uglavnom stepen ascendenta, ali može biti i znak u kojem se nalazi Fortuna ili Daimon. Svako od 12 mesta nosi sa sobom određenu simboliku kroz različita značenja vezana za život ljudi (telo, sredstva za život, braća, roditelji itd).\r\n\r\nDakle, prvobitno je termin „kuća“ označavao planetarne kuće, tj. zodijačke znake koji su istovremeno označavali i mesta relativno u odnosu na izlazni znak, ascendent. I tu nije bilo nikakve zabune, obzirom na činjenicu da je sistem celih znakova (eng. WSH) o kojem govorimo bio jedini primenjivani sistem kuća koji su koristili pronalazači horoskopske astrologije i njihovi neposredni naslednici.\r\n\r\nPrema mojim saznanjima, do kojih sam došao proučavajući dela ranih helenističkih autora i savremenih istoričara astrologije (Holden, Pingree), sistem celih znakova je bio jedini primenjivani tematski sistem u izvornoj horoskopskoj astrologiji. WSH je zapravo bio neka vrsta standarda u dodeli značenja mestima, pa o njemu drevni autori nisu posebno govorili, jednostavno se podrazumevao. Kuća je istovremeno bila rezidencija planete i mesto u odnosu na ascendent.\r\n\r\nKako je helenistički period je predstavljen vremenski razdobljem od 331-30 godine pre nove ere, tj. od Aleksandrovog osvajanja Ahemenidskog carstva, do pada Egipta pod rimsku vlast, to i helenističku astrologiju vezujemo za taj vremenski interval. Negde u tom vremenu se javlja i horoskopska astrološka doktrina, na temelju vavilonske protoastrologije i egipatske astronomije. U svetu je, međutim, opšte prihvaćeno stanovište da helenistička astrologija pripada periodu od 2. veka pre nove ere do sredine 7. veka nove ere, tačnije do arapskih osvajanja Sasanidskog carstva (Persije).\r\n\r\nDakle, prvobitna podela ekliptike na mesta obuhvatala je cele zodijačke znake. Mesta su navođena relativno u odnosu položaj ekliptike i horizonta u trenutku rođenja. Još jedna specifičnost WSH je ta da je svako od 12 mesta imalo svoj naziv. Ti nazivi da ti zodijačkim redosledom su:\r\n
Epanafore, kentroni i apoklime[/caption]\r\n\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nDve sheme su bile u opticaju u najranijim vremenima za nalaženje afetičnih mesta. Jedna se pripisuje Nekepsu/Petozirisu, druga Hermesu. Obe sheme pokazuju da afetična mesta mogu biti samo operativna, upotrebljiva mesta. Razlikuju se međusobno u položajima operativnih mesta u odnosu na ascendent.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_15\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"717\"] Afetična mesta prema Nekepsu/Petozirisu[/caption]\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nPrema shemi Nekepsa/Petozirisa, operativna (afetična) mesta su kentroni i epanafore.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_16\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"2240\"] Afetična mesta prema Hermesu[/caption]\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nZa razliku od sheme Nekepsa/Petozirisa, u shemi po Hermesu afetična mesta su sva mesta koja nisu u averziji sa ascendentom, osim trećeg mesta, koje, iako u heksagonalnoj formi sa ascendentom, nije afetično.\r\n\r\nOve dve sheme su bile u rasprostranjenoj upotrebi kod najranijih autora, kao što su Antioh, Trasil, Serapion, Dorotej, Valens...\r\n\r\nKlaudije Ptolomej (100-178), je oformio sopstveni pristup za pronalaženje afetičnih mesta. Ovaj pristup opisao je u 3. knjizi Tetrabiblosa, 11. poglavlju. Ptolomej navodi podelu ekliptike na sledeći način. Na pet stepeni ispred stepena ascendenta nalazu se vrh prvog afetičnog mesta, kojeg Ptolomej naziva ascendent, i koje se prostire narednih 30 stepeni duž ekliptike. Granica prvog i drugog mesta je početak drugog mesta, koje takođe ima 30 longitudinalnih stepeni. Podela ekliptike se vrši na ovaj način do 12. mesta, i svako mesto ima 30 stepeni. Karakterističan je pomeraj od 5 stepeni u smeru primarnog kretanja.\r\n\r\nOva Ptolomejeva podela ekliptike je izazvala, i dan-danas izaziva velike polemike među astrolozima. Jedni smatraju Ptolomeja za izumitelja novog sistema kuća – sistema jednakih kuća, dok drugi (među kojima sam i ja) smatraju da je Ptolomejeva podela ekliptike specifična, sa jednim jedinim ciljem – pronalaženje afetičnih mesta, i da on nije imao nameru da osmisli novi tematski sistem kuća.\r\n\r\nArgumenti u korist mojih tvrdni su sledeći:\r\n