# Deep Paging Case Study Summary (A)

+ Create auto increment primary key or unique keys
+ Cache the primary key value of the first row and the last row of the current page in the page


![left](./student-guide/diagram/01-26-1.png)

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Let's take a look at the page design of the application. Here I drew on a session called Efficient Pagination Using that was done by Surat Singh Bhati and Rick James from Yahoo at the Percona Performance Conference 2009 The idea in the MySQL talk is as follows:

(omitted)

Create an auto-incrementing auto increment primary key or unique primary key for the table.

Record the primary key value of the first row and the last row of the current page in the page, so that you can use LIMIT M to avoid performance degradation caused by LIMIT M OFFSET N (LIMIT N, M).