## 模块 3：将 Laravel 应用程序从 Aurora (MySQL) 迁移到 TiDB Cloud 在本模块中，你将完成从 Aurora (MySQL) 数据库到 TiDB Cloud Starter 数据库的表定义和数据迁移。 ### 步骤 1. 更新 `.env` 文件中的 TiDB Cloud Starter 连接参数 你在启动实验时已经授权了 TiDB Cloud Starter，其连接参数已保存在 `.env` 文件中。现在我们需要更新 `.env` 文件以使用 TiDB Cloud Starter 的连接参数。 + 对 `.env` 文件进行以下更改： - 删除本地 Aurora (MySQL) 连接参数 - 取消注释 TiDB Cloud 集群连接参数 - 保存文件 ```properties # tidb cloud cluster DB_CONNECTION=mysql DB_PORT=${LAB:SERVERLESS_CLUSTER_PORT} DB_HOST=${LAB:SERVERLESS_CLUSTER_HOST} DB_USERNAME='${LAB:SERVERLESS_CLUSTER_USERNAME}' DB_PASSWORD='${LAB:SERVERLESS_CLUSTER_PASSWORD}' DB_DATABASE=${LAB:SERVERLESS_CLUSTER_DATABASE_NAME} MYSQL_ATTR_SSL_CA="/etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt" ... ``` ### 步骤 2. 在 TiDB Cloud 中准备表定义 + 在 VS Code 终端中，使用 `php artisan migrate` 命令在 TiDB Cloud 中创建所需的表。 ```bash php artisan migrate ``` ```output INFO Preparing database. Creating migration table ........................................................................................................... 843.87ms DONE INFO Running migrations. 0001_01_01_000000_create_users_table .................................................................................................... 15s DONE 0001_01_01_000001_create_cache_table ..................................................................................................... 1s DONE 0001_01_01_000002_create_jobs_table ...................................................................................................... 8s DONE 2025_12_20_112907_create_transactions_table .............................................................................................. 7s DONE 2025_12_20_120002_create_products_table .................................................................................................. 3s DONE 2026_01_03_040247_create_product_type_table ........................................................................................ 547.59ms DONE 2026_01_03_040331_create_pay_types_table ........................................................................................... 651.96ms DONE ``` ### 步骤 3. 将表的 `AUTO_INCREMENT` 属性修改为 `AUTO_RANDOM` 以防止数据热点 + 在 VS Code 终端中，使用 MySQL 客户端连接到 TiDB Cloud。 ```bash mysql --comments -u ${LAB:SERVERLESS_CLUSTER_USERNAME} \ -h ${LAB:SERVERLESS_CLUSTER_HOST} -P ${LAB:SERVERLESS_CLUSTER_PORT} \ --ssl \ --ssl-ca=/etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt \ --ssl-verify-server-cert \ -p${LAB:SERVERLESS_CLUSTER_PASSWORD} \ ${LAB:SERVERLESS_CLUSTER_DATABASE_NAME} ``` ```output Your MySQL connection id is 61317775 Server version: 8.0.11-TiDB-v7.5.2-serverless TiDB Server (Apache License 2.0) Community Edition, MySQL 8.0 compatible Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. MySQL [${LAB:SERVERLESS_CLUSTER_DATABASE_NAME}]> ``` + 在 VS Code 终端中，使用 MySQL 客户端查看表 `shop.products` 和 `shop.transactions` 的定义。VS Code 会弹出一个窗口询问 "Are you sure you want to paste 2 lines of text into the terminal?"，请点击 "Paste"。 ![204_3_3_1.png 85%](https://lab-static.pingcap.com/images/2026/2/4/e5c082347f448be9f8db4c13b4952a204feb5346.png) ```sql SHOW CREATE TABLE products\G SHOW CREATE TABLE transactions\G ``` ```output MySQL [${LAB:SERVERLESS_CLUSTER_DATABASE_NAME}]> SHOW CREATE TABLE products\G *************************** 1. row *************************** Table: products Create Table: CREATE TABLE `products` ( `id` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `status` varchar(1) COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci NOT NULL DEFAULT 'C', `name` varchar(80) COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci DEFAULT NULL, `introduction` text COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci NOT NULL, `photo` varchar(50) COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci DEFAULT NULL, `price` decimal(10,2) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0', `remain_count` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0', `created_at` timestamp NULL DEFAULT NULL, `updated_at` timestamp NULL DEFAULT NULL, `product_type` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '1', PRIMARY KEY (`id`) /*T![clustered_index] CLUSTERED */, KEY `idx_name_product` (`name`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_unicode_ci 1 row in set (0.163 sec) MySQL [${LAB:SERVERLESS_CLUSTER_DATABASE_NAME}]> MySQL [${LAB:SERVERLESS_CLUSTER_DATABASE_NAME}]> SHOW CREATE TABLE transactions\G *************************** 1. row *************************** Table: transactions Create Table: CREATE TABLE `transactions` ( `id` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `user_id` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL, `product_id` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL, `price` decimal(10,2) NOT NULL, `buy_count` int(11) NOT NULL, `total_price` decimal(18,2) NOT NULL, `created_at` timestamp NULL DEFAULT NULL, `updated_at` timestamp NULL DEFAULT NULL, `pay_type` varchar(16) COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci NOT NULL DEFAULT '1', PRIMARY KEY (`id`) /*T![clustered_index] CLUSTERED */, KEY `user_transaction_idx` (`user_id`), KEY `product_transaction_idx` (`product_id`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_unicode_ci 1 row in set (0.163 sec) ``` > [!TIP] > > + TiDB Cloud Starter 是一个分布式数据库。建议将表 `SHOP`.`PRODUCTS` 和 `SHOP`.`TRANSACTIONS` 的主键 `AUTO_INCREMENT` 属性更改为 `AUTO_RANDOM`，以避免热点。 > + 请注意，此步骤是可选的。跳过此步骤不会影响迁移结果。 > + 此外，如果你选择修改，必须删除并重新创建这 2 个表，而不能使用文档中提到的 `ALTER TABLE t MODIFY COLUMN id BIGINT AUTO_RANDOM(5);` 方法。原因有两个： > + 首先，如果 id 列的 BIGINT 类型的所有 64 位都是有效的，由于 PHP 语言中 `PHP_INT_MAX` 对整数的限制，后续应用程序中可能会出现整数溢出错误。 > + 其次，如果 id 列使用小于 64 位的设置（如 `AUTO_RANDOM(3, 32)`），`ALTER TABLE t MODIFY COLUMN` 命令会认为整数范围已缩小，可能导致数据丢失，从而产生错误。 + 在 VS Code 终端中，使用 MySQL 客户端重建空表 `shop.products` 和 `shop.transactions`，并将表 `shop.products` 和 `shop.transactions` 的主键 `AUTO_INCREMENT` 属性更改为 `AUTO_RANDOM`。VS Code 会弹出一个窗口询问 "Are you sure you want to paste 33 lines of text into the terminal?"，请点击 "Paste"。 ![204_3_3_2.png 85%](https://lab-static.pingcap.com/images/2026/2/6/55971cef685fd59926c137c5ebe555f6663fdcb0.png) ```sql DROP TABLE `products`; CREATE TABLE `products` ( `id` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL /*T![auto_rand] AUTO_RANDOM(3, 32) */, `status` varchar(1) COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci NOT NULL DEFAULT 'C', `name` varchar(80) COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci DEFAULT NULL, `introduction` text COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci NOT NULL, `photo` varchar(50) COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci DEFAULT NULL, `price` decimal(10,2) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0', `remain_count` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0', `created_at` timestamp NULL DEFAULT NULL, `updated_at` timestamp NULL DEFAULT NULL, `product_type` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '1', PRIMARY KEY (`id`) /*T![clustered_index] CLUSTERED */, KEY `idx_name_product` (`name`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_unicode_ci; DROP TABLE `transactions`; CREATE TABLE `transactions` ( `id` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL /*T![auto_rand] AUTO_RANDOM(3, 32) */, `user_id` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL, `product_id` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL, `price` decimal(10,2) NOT NULL, `buy_count` int(11) NOT NULL, `total_price` decimal(18,2) NOT NULL, `created_at` timestamp NULL DEFAULT NULL, `updated_at` timestamp NULL DEFAULT NULL, `pay_type` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT 1, PRIMARY KEY (`id`) /*T![clustered_index] CLUSTERED */, KEY `user_transaction_idx` (`user_id`), KEY `product_transaction_idx` (`product_id`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_unicode_ci; ``` ```output MySQL [${LAB:SERVERLESS_CLUSTER_DATABASE_NAME}]> MySQL [${LAB:SERVERLESS_CLUSTER_DATABASE_NAME}]> CREATE TABLE `products` ( -> `id` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL /*T![auto_rand] AUTO_RANDOM(3, 32) */, -> `status` varchar(1) COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci NOT NULL DEFAULT 'C', -> `name` varchar(80) COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci DEFAULT NULL, -> `introduction` text COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci NOT NULL, -> `photo` varchar(50) COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci DEFAULT NULL, -> `price` decimal(10,2) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0', -> `remain_count` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0', -> `created_at` timestamp NULL DEFAULT NULL, -> `updated_at` timestamp NULL DEFAULT NULL, -> `product_type` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '1', -> PRIMARY KEY (`id`) /*T![clustered_index] CLUSTERED */, -> KEY `idx_name_product` (`name`) -> ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_unicode_ci; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.407 sec) MySQL [${LAB:SERVERLESS_CLUSTER_DATABASE_NAME}]> MySQL [${LAB:SERVERLESS_CLUSTER_DATABASE_NAME}]> DROP TABLE `transactions`; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.559 sec) MySQL [${LAB:SERVERLESS_CLUSTER_DATABASE_NAME}]> MySQL [${LAB:SERVERLESS_CLUSTER_DATABASE_NAME}]> CREATE TABLE `transactions` ( -> `id` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL /*T![auto_rand] AUTO_RANDOM(3, 32) */, -> `user_id` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL, -> `product_id` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL, -> `price` decimal(10,2) NOT NULL, -> `buy_count` int(11) NOT NULL, -> `total_price` decimal(18,2) NOT NULL, -> `created_at` timestamp NULL DEFAULT NULL, -> `updated_at` timestamp NULL DEFAULT NULL, -> `pay_type` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT 1, -> PRIMARY KEY (`id`) /*T![clustered_index] CLUSTERED */, -> KEY `user_transaction_idx` (`user_id`), -> KEY `product_transaction_idx` (`product_id`) -> ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_unicode_ci; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.384 sec) ``` + 在 VS Code 终端中，退出 MySQL 客户端以准备数据迁移。 ```sql EXIT ``` ```output MySQL [${LAB:SERVERLESS_CLUSTER_DATABASE_NAME}]> EXIT Bye root@0c2c53eace8f:~/Mshop# ``` ### 步骤 4. 数据迁移 + 在 VS Code 终端中，使用 Dumpling 工具将 shop 数据库下所需表的数据导出为 SQL 文件。 ```bash tiup dumpling -u ${LAB:AWS_AURORA_SERVERLESS_MASTER_USERNAME} -p${LAB:AWS_AURORA_SERVERLESS_MASTER_PASSWORD} -h ${LAB:AWS_AURORA_SERVERLESS_ENDPOINT} -P 3306 -B {SERVERLESS_CLUSTER_DATABASE_NAME} \ -T ${LAB:SERVERLESS_CLUSTER_DATABASE_NAME}.users \ -T ${LAB:SERVERLESS_CLUSTER_DATABASE_NAME}.products \ -T ${LAB:SERVERLESS_CLUSTER_DATABASE_NAME}.transactions \ -T ${LAB:SERVERLESS_CLUSTER_DATABASE_NAME}.product_type \ -T ${LAB:SERVERLESS_CLUSTER_DATABASE_NAME}.pay_type \ --filetype sql \ -o ./dumpling_output ``` ```output Checking updates for component dumpling... Timedout (after 2s) The component `dumpling` version is not installed; downloading from repository. ... [2026/01/21 05:10:11.018 +00:00] [INFO] [dump.go:276] ["All the dumping transactions have started. Start to unlock tables"] [2026/01/21 05:10:11.048 +00:00] [INFO] [collector.go:264] ["backup success summary"] [total-ranges=11] [ranges-succeed=11] [ranges-failed=0] [total-take=29.166482ms] [total-kv-size=3.933kB] [average-speed=134.8kB/s] [total-rows=35] [2026/01/21 05:10:11.049 +00:00] [INFO] [main.go:82] ["dump data successfully, dumpling will exit now"] ``` + 在 VS Code 终端中，使用 TiDB Lightning 工具将从 Aurora (MySQL) 数据库导出的数据导入到 TiDB Cloud。 ```bash cat > .lightning_config < Composer\Config::disableProcessTimeout > @php artisan serve --host=0.0.0.0 INFO Server running on [http://0.0.0.0:8000]. Press Ctrl+C to stop the server ``` + 将弹出一个窗口提示 "Your application running on port 8000 is available."，请点击 "Open in Browser"。 ![204_1_port_8000.png 85%](https://lab-static.pingcap.com/images/2026/2/5/4f681e3a7458c7631f2187c53100aa127e5bcaf4.png) + 继续下一个模块。